Production of nattokinase and γ-polyglutamic acid via soybean whey fermentation by Bacillus subtilis BSNK-5 and their emulsification to form nanoemulsions
Miao Hu , Pengfei Zhang , Weimin Meng , Jiao Wang , Bei Fan , Fengzhong Wang , Shuying Li
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Soybean whey, a nutrient-rich byproduct generated during the production of soybean protein isolate, can only be discharged after undergoing sewage treatment, which imposes a significant economic burden on enterprises. In this study, we investigated a Bacillus subtilis BSNK-5 fermentation soybean whey process that yielded high production of nattokinase (NK) and γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA), along with the fabrication of an emulsion using fermentation soybean whey, to achieve high-value conversion of soybean whey. The results showed that soybean whey can be used as a nutrient-rich substrate to promote the efficient synthesis of NK and γ-PGA by BSNK-5, with the highest yields of 9 × 104 IU/mL and 250 g/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the synthesized γ-PGA can serve as a suitable biological macromolecule to form an emulsification system that protects NK. The encapsulation efficiency of NK was over 60%, and the release of encapsulated NK was delayed in vitro. Meanwhile, the nanoemulsions remained stable when exposed to 37 °C and 65 °C temperatures, salt concentrations ranging from 50 to 150 mM, and undergoing a single freeze-thaw cycle. The development of functional thrombolytic preparations by self-emulsification protection of NK by γ-PGA produced via BSNK-5 fermentation represents an effective way to achieve high value utilization of soybean whey.
期刊介绍:
LWT - Food Science and Technology is an international journal that publishes innovative papers in the fields of food chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, technology and nutrition. The work described should be innovative either in the approach or in the methods used. The significance of the results either for the science community or for the food industry must also be specified. Contributions written in English are welcomed in the form of review articles, short reviews, research papers, and research notes. Papers featuring animal trials and cell cultures are outside the scope of the journal and will not be considered for publication.