Ultrasound and low-pressure supercritical CO2 extraction: A synergistic approach to hemp seed oil extraction

IF 3.8 2区农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI:10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100595

Rattana Muangrat , Yongyut Chalermchat , Thanyaporn Siriwoharn , Wachira Jirarattanarangsri , Pipat Tangjaidee , Israpong Pongsirikul , Supachet Pannasai

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Supercritical CO₂ extraction was employed to acquire cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) at temperatures ranging from 40 to 60 °C. The highest yields of cannabinoids were achieved under reduced pressure conditions of 200 bar. Ultrasonication pretreatment on hemp seeds prior extraction showed little impact on chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Oils extracted from ultrasonically treated hemp seeds exhibited a higher total phenolic content at 200 bar and 50 °C for 3 h compared to treatment at 600 bar and 50 °C for 1 h, correlating with the antioxidant activities. Analysis of the extracted hemp seed oil showed elevated levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid. The extracted hemp seed oils showed polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (PUFAs/SFAs) ratios of 6.58–7.22, n-6/n-3 ratios of 3.96–4.18, and index of atherogenicity (IA) values ranging from 0.07 to 0.09. Thrombogenic potential, reflected by index of thrombogenicity (IT) values, varied between 0.12 and 0.13 in the extracted oils. Hydrogen/hydrocarbon (H/H) ratios for hemp seed oils were between 11.66 and 13.28. Ultrasonication pretreatment significantly altered cannabinoid profiles of the oils. Low pressure extraction favored CBDA and THCA, while high pressure extraction negatively impacted all cannabinoids. In addition, the ultrasonic pre-treatment of hemp seeds before supercritical CO₂ extraction minimally affected fatty acid composition and nutritional indices, including PUFAs/SFAs ratio, n-6/n-3 ratio, IA and IT values, and H/H ratio. A combination of pretreatment and low-pressure extraction at 50 °C better maintained stability of the oil during storage at 25 °C than high pressure extraction. Conversely, untreated oil extracted at high pressure exhibited the lowest peroxide values after a prolonged storage at 55 °C, suggesting complex interactions between pretreatment, extraction, and storage conditions.

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超声波和低压超临界二氧化碳萃取：大麻籽油萃取的协同方法

采用超临界二氧化碳萃取法，在 40 至 60 °C 的温度范围内提取大麻二醇酸（CBDA）、大麻二酚（CBD）、大麻酚（CBN）和四氢大麻酚酸（THCA）。在 200 巴的减压条件下，大麻素的产量最高。萃取前对大麻籽进行超声波预处理对叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量的影响很小。与在 600 巴和 50 °C条件下处理 1 小时相比，在 200 巴和 50 °C条件下处理 3 小时从超声波处理过的大麻籽中提取的油显示出更高的总酚含量，这与抗氧化活性相关。对提取的大麻籽油的分析表明，多不饱和脂肪酸，特别是亚油酸的含量较高。提取的大麻籽油显示多不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs/SFAs）之比为 6.58-7.22，n-6/n-3 之比为 3.96-4.18，致动脉粥样硬化指数（IA）值在 0.07 至 0.09 之间。血栓形成指数 (IT) 值反映了血栓形成的可能性，在萃取油中介于 0.12 和 0.13 之间。大麻籽油的氢/烃（H/H）比率介于 11.66 和 13.28 之间。超声波预处理极大地改变了大麻籽油的大麻素含量。低压萃取有利于 CBDA 和 THCA，而高压萃取则对所有大麻素产生负面影响。此外，超临界二氧化碳萃取前对大麻籽进行超声波预处理对脂肪酸组成和营养指标（包括 PUFAs/SFAs 比率、n-6/n-3 比率、IA 值和 IT 值以及 H/H 比率）的影响最小。与高压萃取相比，预处理和 50 °C 低压萃取相结合能更好地保持油脂在 25 °C 储存期间的稳定性。相反，未经预处理的高压萃取油在 55 °C 长期储存后过氧化值最低，这表明预处理、萃取和储存条件之间存在复杂的相互作用。

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来源期刊

Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-Drug Discovery

CiteScore

6.40

自引率

7.70%

发文量

审稿时长

41 days

期刊介绍： JARMAP is a peer reviewed and multidisciplinary communication platform, covering all aspects of the raw material supply chain of medicinal and aromatic plants. JARMAP aims to improve production of tailor made commodities by addressing the various requirements of manufacturers of herbal medicines, herbal teas, seasoning herbs, food and feed supplements and cosmetics. JARMAP covers research on genetic resources, breeding, wild-collection, domestication, propagation, cultivation, phytopathology and plant protection, mechanization, conservation, processing, quality assurance, analytics and economics. JARMAP publishes reviews, original research articles and short communications related to research.