Risk factors for chronic kidney disease in the community: A decade of outreach in Kenya

IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101823

Samuel K. Kabinga , Seth O. McLigeyo , Ahmed Twahir , John N. Ndungu , Nancy N. Wangombe , Diviner K. Nyarera , Grace W. Ngaruiya , Reuben K. Chege , Philip S. Ochieng , McDonald O. Ogutu , George M. Moturi

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Abstract

Problem Considered

Burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing globally. We present chart analysis of data obtained during community screening for kidney disease between 2011-2021 in various parts of Kenya with objectives to document and stratify risks for kidney disease in the community.

Methods

This was a descriptive analysis charts. Age, sex, individuals’ data on smoking, diabetes, hypertension, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), random blood sugar (RBS), dipstick urinalysis, as well as family history of CKD, hypertension and diabetes were analysed. Continuous variables had mean, standard deviation (SD), median and interquartile range (IQR) while frequencies for categorical variables were calculated.

Results

About 10,675 individuals were analysed. Median age was 41 years (25 – 53). Females were 6,092(57.1%). Known hypertensive, diabetic and smokers were 2,028(19.0%), 881(8.3%) and 523(4.9%) respectively. Family history of hypertension, diabetes and CKD was reported by 3,810(35.7%), 2,751(25.8%) and 978(9.2%) respectively. In 10,121(94.8%) RBS was tested. About 470(4.6%) had RBS < 4.0 mmol/L, 9,298(91.9%) 4.0-11.0 mmol/L while 368(3.6%) was > 11.0 mmol/L. Incidental hyperglycemia was in129 (1.2%). Median SBP and DBP was 128 mmHg (116-143) and 78 mmHg (70 – 87) respectively. Mean BMI was 25.96±5.27 kg/m2. Subgroups with diabetes and hypertension had higher mean age, SBP, DBP and RBS, family history of hypertension, diabetes and CKD.

Conclusion

Burden of risks for CKD in the community high. Blood sugar and blood pressure controls were suboptimal. There was concordance in the findings of hypotensive, diabetic and family history of similar conditions.

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社区慢性肾病的风险因素：肯尼亚十年的外联工作

考虑的问题全球慢性肾脏病（CKD）的负担日益加重。我们对 2011-2021 年间在肯尼亚各地进行的肾脏病社区筛查所获得的数据进行了图表分析，目的是记录社区中的肾脏病风险并对其进行分层。分析了年龄、性别、个人吸烟数据、糖尿病、高血压、体重指数（BMI）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、随机血糖（RBS）、浸量式尿液分析以及慢性肾脏病、高血压和糖尿病家族史。连续变量有平均值、标准差 (SD)、中位数和四分位数间距 (IQR)，分类变量则计算频率。年龄中位数为 41 岁（25 - 53 岁）。女性有 6,092 人（57.1%）。已知的高血压、糖尿病和吸烟者分别为 2 028 人（19.0%）、881 人（8.3%）和 523 人（4.9%）。有高血压、糖尿病和慢性肾脏病家族史的分别有 3 810 人（35.7%）、2 751 人（25.8%）和 978 人（9.2%）。有 10 121 人（94.8%）接受了 RBS 检测。约 470 人（4.6%）的 RBS 为 4.0 mmol/L，9298 人（91.9%）为 4.0-11.0 mmol/L，368 人（3.6%）为 11.0 mmol/L。129人（1.2%）意外出现高血糖。SBP 和 DBP 的中位数分别为 128 mmHg（116-143）和 78 mmHg（70-87）。平均体重指数为 25.96±5.27 kg/m2。糖尿病和高血压亚组的平均年龄、SBP、DBP 和 RBS、高血压、糖尿病和 CKD 家族史均较高。血糖和血压控制不理想。低血压、糖尿病和类似病症家族史的调查结果一致。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

7.70%

发文量

218

审稿时长

66 days

期刊介绍： Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health (CEGH) is a multidisciplinary journal and it is published four times (March, June, September, December) a year. The mandate of CEGH is to promote articles on clinical epidemiology with focus on developing countries in the context of global health. We also accept articles from other countries. It publishes original research work across all disciplines of medicine and allied sciences, related to clinical epidemiology and global health. The journal publishes Original articles, Review articles, Evidence Summaries, Letters to the Editor. All articles published in CEGH are peer-reviewed and published online for immediate access and citation.