Waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio: Exploring the associations for high blood pressure risk in school-age adolescents

Q2 Medicine

Obesity Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI:10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100562

Adeluci Moraes , Aline Giselle Nagafuchi , Raphael Testa , Kamila Grandolfi , Andreo Aguiar , Juliano Casonatto

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Childhood and adolescent obesity present a global health concern, notably due to its association with adverse outcomes such as high blood pressure (HBP). Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) are promising indicators for assessing HBP risk in school-age adolescents. However, their association with Stavnsbo-recommended WC cutoff points and high BP prevalence necessitates further investigation, holding potential implications for early intervention and prevention strategies.

Objective

Investigate the association between high blood pressure (HBP) and WC cutoff points advised by Stavnsbo, along with WHtR, in adolescents from privileged socioeconomic backgrounds in Brazil.

Methods

This cross-sectional study in 2022 involved 216 students aged 9 to 16 from a private school in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. Data, collected through an internal project monitoring anthropometric and social indicators, included validated blood pressure assessments. Statistical analyses, employing t-tests, chi-square tests, and logistic regression, explored relationships between WC, WHtR, and blood pressure, adjusting for covariates.

Results

Female participants had a lower prevalence of obesity (2.9% vs 5.3%) but a higher prevalence of overweight (27.5% vs 17.5%) compared to males. The overall excess weight prevalence was 26.4%, with females showing lower absolute risk scores for WC (25.5% vs 34.2%), WHtR (19.6% vs 23.7%), and HBP (21.5% vs. 40.3%). Significant associations were observed between HBP and WC (X² = 9.759, P = 0.002) as well as WHtR (X² = 6.335, P = 0.012) among males, with those in the “Risk” category exhibiting higher HBP prevalence. Overall, both WC and WHtR demonstrated significant associations with HBP (X² = 12.428, P < 0.001, and X² = 9.550, P = 0.002, respectively). Logistic regression indicated higher odds for HBP in males with risk values for WC (OR 3.876 [1.714–8.765 CI], P = 0.001) or WHtR (OR 3.684 [1.457–9.315 CI], P = 0.006). In the overall analysis, participants with risk values for WC had 3.2 (1.688–6.080 CI, P < 0.001) times higher odds, and for WHtR, 3.4 (1.679–6.934 CI, P = 0.001) times higher odds of HBP.

Conclusion

This study highlights the associations between WC, WHtR, and HBP in adolescent schoolchildren. The results underscore the significance of gender-specific assessments and emphasize the potential of these anthropometric measures as valuable tools for identifying and managing HBP risk in adolescents. Further research and clinical applications are imperative to deepen understanding and address the health needs of this vulnerable population.

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腰围和腰围身高比：探索学龄青少年高血压风险的关联性

背景儿童和青少年肥胖是一个全球关注的健康问题，这主要是因为肥胖与高血压（HBP）等不良后果有关。腰围（WC）和腰围身高比（WHtR）是评估学龄青少年高血压风险的有效指标。目的研究巴西社会经济背景优越的青少年的高血压（HBP）与 Stavnsbo 建议的腰围截断点和腰围身高比（WHtR）之间的关系。方法 2022 年进行的这项横断面研究涉及巴西巴拉那州隆德里纳市一所私立学校的 216 名 9-16 岁学生。数据通过一个监测人体测量和社会指标的内部项目收集，包括经过验证的血压评估。采用 t 检验、卡方检验和逻辑回归进行统计分析，探讨了 WC、WHtR 和血压之间的关系，并对协变量进行了调整。结果与男性相比，女性参与者的肥胖率较低（2.9% 对 5.3%），但超重率较高（27.5% 对 17.5%）。总体超重率为 26.4%，女性在体重控制率（25.5% 对 34.2%）、WHtR（19.6% 对 23.7%）和 HBP（21.5% 对 40.3%）方面的绝对风险得分较低。在男性中，HBP 和 WC（X2 = 9.759，P = 0.002）以及 WHtR（X2 = 6.335，P = 0.012）之间存在显著关联，"风险 "类别中的男性 HBP 患病率更高。总体而言，WC 和 WHtR 均与 HBP 有显著关联（分别为 X2 = 12.428，P < 0.001 和 X2 = 9.550，P = 0.002）。逻辑回归表明，具有 WC（OR 3.876 [1.714-8.765 CI]，P = 0.001）或 WHtR（OR 3.684 [1.457-9.315 CI]，P = 0.006）风险值的男性患 HBP 的几率更高。在总体分析中，具有 WC 风险值的参与者患 HBP 的几率要高出 3.2（1.688-6.080 CI，P = 0.001）倍，而具有 WHtR 风险值的参与者患 HBP 的几率要高出 3.4（1.679-6.934 CI，P = 0.001）倍。研究结果强调了性别特异性评估的重要性，并强调了这些人体测量指标作为识别和管理青少年 HBP 风险的重要工具的潜力。为了加深对这一弱势群体的了解并满足他们的健康需求，进一步的研究和临床应用势在必行。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Obesity Medicine Medicine-Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

CiteScore

5.50

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

40 days

期刊介绍： The official journal of the Shanghai Diabetes Institute Obesity is a disease of increasing global prevalence with serious effects on both the individual and society. Obesity Medicine focusses on health and disease, relating to the very broad spectrum of research in and impacting on humans. It is an interdisciplinary journal that addresses mechanisms of disease, epidemiology and co-morbidities. Obesity Medicine encompasses medical, societal, socioeconomic as well as preventive aspects of obesity and is aimed at researchers, practitioners and educators alike.