Using a causal decomposition approach to estimate the contribution of employment to differences in mental health profiles between men and women

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Ssm-Population Health Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI:10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101718

Christa Orchard , Elizabeth Lin , Laura Rosella , Peter M. Smith

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Mental health disorders are known to manifest differently in men and women, however our understanding of how gender interacts with mental health and well-being as a broader construct remains limited. Employment is a key determinant of mental health and there are historical differences in occupational roles among men and women that continue to influence working lives (Bonde, 2008; Cabezas-Rodríguez, Utzet, & Bacigalupe, 2021; Drolet, 2022; Gedikli, Miraglia, Connolly, Bryan, & Watson, 2023; Moyser, 2017; Niedhammer, Bertrais, & Witt, 2021; Stier & Yaish, 2014; Van der Doef & Maes, 1999). This study aims to explore differences in multidimensional mental health between men and women, and to quantify how these differences may change if women had the same employment characteristics as men.

Methods

Working-age adults (25–64) were identified through a household survey in Ontario, Canada during 2012. We created multifaceted measures of employment to capture both employment and job quality, as well as multidimensional mental health profiles that capture mental health disorders and well-being using survey data. A causal decomposition approach with Monte Carlo simulation methods estimated the change in differences in mental health profiles between men and women, if women had the same employment characteristics as men.

Results

Among 2458 eligible respondents, women were more likely to exhibit clinical mood disorders compared to men, with men more likely to exhibit absence of flourishing without a diagnosable disorder. Among those who were flourishing, women more often expressed at least some life stress compared to men. When women were assigned men's employment characteristics, which amounted to an increase in employment and higher quality employment, some of the gender differences in risk of clinical mood disorder decreased. However, differences between men and women in the remaining mental health profiles increased.

Conclusions

This study provided an estimate of the contribution of employment to the observed differences in multidimensional mental health between men and women. This adds to the literature by including a broader range of mental health indicators than disorders alone, and by formalizing the causal framework used to study these relationships.

查看原文本刊更多论文

使用因果分解法估算就业对男女心理健康差异的影响

背景众所周知，精神疾病在男性和女性身上的表现是不同的，但是我们对性别如何与精神健康和幸福作为一个更广泛的概念相互作用的理解仍然有限。就业是心理健康的一个关键决定因素，而男女在职业角色上的历史差异仍在影响着工作生活（Bonde，2008 年；Cabezas-Rodríguez, Utzet, &；Bacigalupe，2021；Drolet，2022；Gedikli、Miraglia、Connolly、Bryan、& Watson，2023；Moyser，2017；Niedhammer、Bertrais、& Witt，2021；Stier & Yaish，2014；Van der Doef & Maes，1999）。本研究旨在探讨男性和女性在多维心理健康方面的差异，并量化如果女性拥有与男性相同的就业特征，这些差异可能会发生怎样的变化。方法通过 2012 年在加拿大安大略省进行的家庭调查，确定了工作年龄的成年人（25-64 岁）。我们利用调查数据创建了多方面的就业测量指标，以捕捉就业和工作质量，并创建了多维心理健康档案，以捕捉心理健康障碍和幸福感。结果在 2458 名符合条件的受访者中，与男性相比，女性更有可能表现出临床情绪障碍，而男性则更有可能在没有可诊断的障碍的情况下表现出缺乏活力。与男性相比，女性更经常表示至少有一些生活压力。当女性被赋予男性的就业特征，即增加就业和提高就业质量时，临床情绪障碍风险中的一些性别差异就会减小。然而，男女在其余心理健康特征方面的差异却有所增加。这项研究通过纳入比失调症更广泛的心理健康指标，以及正式确定用于研究这些关系的因果框架，为相关文献增添了新的内容。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Ssm-Population Health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-

CiteScore

6.50

自引率

2.10%

发文量

298

审稿时长

101 days

期刊介绍： SSM - Population Health. The new online only, open access, peer reviewed journal in all areas relating Social Science research to population health. SSM - Population Health shares the same Editors-in Chief and general approach to manuscripts as its sister journal, Social Science & Medicine. The journal takes a broad approach to the field especially welcoming interdisciplinary papers from across the Social Sciences and allied areas. SSM - Population Health offers an alternative outlet for work which might not be considered, or is classed as ''out of scope'' elsewhere, and prioritizes fast peer review and publication to the benefit of authors and readers. The journal welcomes all types of paper from traditional primary research articles, replication studies, short communications, methodological studies, instrument validation, opinion pieces, literature reviews, etc. SSM - Population Health also offers the opportunity to publish special issues or sections to reflect current interest and research in topical or developing areas. The journal fully supports authors wanting to present their research in an innovative fashion though the use of multimedia formats.