Phytochemical characterization and therapeutic potential of leaf of Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC.: A comprehensive study on functional groups and bioactive compounds.

Pharmacological Research - Natural Products Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI:10.1016/j.prenap.2024.100120

Mahantesh Banni , M. Jayaraj

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Abstract

Background

Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC is an annual herbaceous plant used in the Ayurveda and Unani therapeutic systems. It treats various conditions such as diarrhea, sore throat, night blindness, rashes, fever, measles, earache, eye inflammation, ophthalmia, asthma, malaria, stomach tumors, chest pain, liver diseases, cuts, and wounds.

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the functional groups and bioactive compounds present in the leaves of E. sonchifolia using FT-IR and GC-MS analyses and explore their antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer effects.

Materials and methods

Different leaf extracts of E. sonchifolia were subjected to Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses to determine the presence of functional groups and for chemical characterization. Biological evaluations such as antioxidant (DPPH and ABTS assays) and antidiabetic (α-amylase enzyme inhibition and glucose uptake using yeast cell assays) and anticancer (HepG2 cell lines) potentials were also analyzed.

Results

FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of various functional groups such as amines, alcohols, alkanes, alkenes, halo compounds, aldehydes, sulfates, esters, phenols, and carboxylic acids. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 32 bioactive compounds in different leaf extracts. Among the extracts, petroleum ether (16) contained the highest number of chemical compounds, followed by ethanol (14), chloroform (9), and acetone (4). Lanosterol was the most significant compound in petroleum ether extract, whereas phytol (44.05 %) in the acetone extract and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid in the chloroform (82.47 %) and ethanol (50.49 %) extracts. The ethanol leaf extract showed the highest antioxidant potential in DPPH (63.38±0.46 µg/mL) and ABTS (60.74±0.59 µg/mL) assays. It also showed better results in antidiabetic activity in both α-amylase enzyme inhibition (135.69±2.08 µg/mL) and glucose uptake using yeast cell (114.37±1.71 µg/mL) assays. Ethanol leaf extract exhibits good anticancer activity with 59.52±0.76 µg/mL against HepG2 cell line.

Conclusion

FTIR and GC-MS analyses confirmed the presence of bioactive functional groups and phytoconstituents. These results justify the leaves as a traditional remedy in Ayurveda and Unani therapeutic systems. Antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer assays suggested that E. sonchifolia leaves have good antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer potential compared to standards. Further studies are required to identify the chemical compounds responsible for these activities.

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Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC.叶片的植物化学特征和治疗潜力：关于功能基团和生物活性化合物的综合研究。

背景Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC 是一种一年生草本植物，用于阿育吠陀和尤那尼治疗系统。它可治疗各种疾病，如腹泻、咽喉肿痛、夜盲症、皮疹、发烧、麻疹、耳痛、眼部炎症、眼炎、哮喘、疟疾、胃肿瘤、胸痛、肝病、割伤和伤口。材料和方法对不同的 E. sonchifolia 叶提取物进行傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）分析，以确定功能团的存在和化学特征。此外，还分析了抗氧化（DPPH 和 ABTS 试验）、抗糖尿病（α-淀粉酶酶抑制作用和酵母细胞葡萄糖吸收试验）和抗癌（HepG2 细胞系）潜力等生物学评价。气相色谱-质谱分析显示，不同的叶片提取物中含有 32 种生物活性化合物。在各种提取物中，石油醚（16）含有最多的化合物，其次是乙醇（14）、氯仿（9）和丙酮（4）。石油醚提取物中含量最高的化合物是羊毛甾醇，丙酮提取物中含量最高的化合物是植物醇（44.05%），氯仿（82.47%）和乙醇（50.49%）提取物中含量最高的化合物是 1,2-苯二甲酸。乙醇叶提取物在 DPPH（63.38±0.46 µg/mL）和 ABTS（60.74±0.59 µg/mL）检测中显示出最高的抗氧化潜力。在α-淀粉酶抑制（135.69±2.08 µg/mL）和酵母细胞葡萄糖吸收（114.37±1.71 µg/mL）试验中，它也显示出较好的抗糖尿病活性。结论FTIR 和 GC-MS 分析证实了生物活性官能团和植物成分的存在。这些结果证明阿育吠陀和尤那尼治疗系统中的传统疗法是正确的。抗氧化、抗糖尿病和抗癌检测表明，与标准物质相比，E. sonchifolia 叶子具有良好的抗氧化、抗糖尿病和抗癌潜力。还需要进一步研究来确定这些活性的化学成分。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Pharmacological Research - Natural Products

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