Energy-Balanced Routing Protocol With Nonuniform Clustering for Underwater Acoustic Sensors Networks

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI:10.1109/JSEN.2024.3471878

Zhigang Jin;Haoyong Li;Ying Wang;Jiawei Liang;Simeng Cheng

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Energy consumption has been the focus of routing protocols in underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs), and many cluster-based routing protocols have been proposed to optimize energy consumption. However, there is the “hotspot” problem resulting from frequent data forwarding by cluster heads (CHs) and energy inefficiency caused by the transmission of data packets from shallow water to deep water. Therefore, we propose an energy-balanced routing protocol with nonuniform clustering (ERNC) to balance energy consumption and improve data transmission efficiency. First, without accurate 3-D localization, nodes exchange information with each other, and the combined coordinate of layer ID and hop ID is proposed to represent the node’s location information for subsequent CH selection and intercluster routing. Then, the combined coordinate, residual energy, and node density are considered comprehensively to select CHs for making their distribution uneven and equalizing the energy consumption. In the intercluster routing phase, the next hop candidate node sets with different forwarding priorities are constructed based on nodes’ coordinates to improve the network transmission efficiency. Moreover, we design the different holding times for the next-hop nodes in the same set to balance the energy consumption of CHs. The simulation results show that ERNC can effectively extend the network lifetime and improve the data transmission performance.

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水下声学传感器网络的非均匀聚类能量平衡路由协议

能耗一直是水下声学传感器网络（UASN）中路由协议的重点，许多基于簇的路由协议被提出来优化能耗。然而，由于簇头（CHs）频繁转发数据导致的 "热点 "问题，以及数据包从浅水区向深水区传输导致的能效低下问题。因此，我们提出了一种非均匀聚类的能量平衡路由协议（ERNC），以平衡能量消耗并提高数据传输效率。首先，在没有精确三维定位的情况下，节点之间相互交换信息，并提出了层 ID 和跳 ID 的组合坐标来代表节点的位置信息，用于后续的 CH 选择和簇间路由。然后，综合考虑组合坐标、剩余能量和节点密度来选择 CH，使其分布不均匀，并均衡能量消耗。在簇间路由阶段，根据节点坐标构建具有不同转发优先级的下一跳候选节点集，以提高网络传输效率。此外，我们还为同一组中的下一跳节点设计了不同的保持时间，以平衡 CHs 的能量消耗。仿真结果表明，ERNC 能有效延长网络寿命，提高数据传输性能。

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来源期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

7.70

自引率

14.00%

发文量

2058

审稿时长

5.2 months

期刊介绍： The fields of interest of the IEEE Sensors Journal are the theory, design , fabrication, manufacturing and applications of devices for sensing and transducing physical, chemical and biological phenomena, with emphasis on the electronics and physics aspect of sensors and integrated sensors-actuators. IEEE Sensors Journal deals with the following: -Sensor Phenomenology, Modelling, and Evaluation -Sensor Materials, Processing, and Fabrication -Chemical and Gas Sensors -Microfluidics and Biosensors -Optical Sensors -Physical Sensors: Temperature, Mechanical, Magnetic, and others -Acoustic and Ultrasonic Sensors -Sensor Packaging -Sensor Networks -Sensor Applications -Sensor Systems: Signals, Processing, and Interfaces -Actuators and Sensor Power Systems -Sensor Signal Processing for high precision and stability (amplification, filtering, linearization, modulation/demodulation) and under harsh conditions (EMC, radiation, humidity, temperature); energy consumption/harvesting -Sensor Data Processing (soft computing with sensor data, e.g., pattern recognition, machine learning, evolutionary computation; sensor data fusion, processing of wave e.g., electromagnetic and acoustic; and non-wave, e.g., chemical, gravity, particle, thermal, radiative and non-radiative sensor data, detection, estimation and classification based on sensor data) -Sensors in Industrial Practice