Locally Formed Thin Supercooled Liquid Stratiform Clouds on Mid-Level Moisture Advection Layers as Observed by Ground-Based Lidars, Radar, and Radiosondes at a Subtropical Site

IF 3.8 2区 地球科学 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
Yang Yi, Fan Yi, Kaiming Huang, Fuchao Liu, Yunpeng Zhang, Changming Yu, Yun He, Zhenping Yin
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Abstract

The local formation characteristics of thin supercooled liquid stratiform clouds on mid-level moisture advection layers have been revealed by the ∼2-year observations from routinely operating ground-based water vapor Raman Lidar, polarization Lidar, cloud radar, and conventional radiosondes at a subtropical site. These moisture advection layers were commonly observed during all seasons over our subtropical site, whereas thin supercooled liquid stratiform clouds occurred mainly in winter when the 0°C isotherm level occurred at lower altitudes. It was determined that these clouds mostly formed on the top of moisture advection layers capped by strong temperature inversions. The temperature-moisture structure collocation (the layer's upper edge with modest/low water vapor mixing ratio of ∼2–5 g kg−1 occurred at the base of the temperature inversion) therein produced a narrow cool-moist water saturation layer. This collocation with a temperature inversion but no moisture inversion was peculiar to the upper boundary of the moisture advection layers. A relative minority (∼33%) of thin supercooled liquid stratiform clouds formed on the bottom or middle part of the moisture advection layers, where a moisture inversion coincided with a temperature inversion. Within the corresponding water saturation layer, the relative humidity peaked at the top of the coincided moisture inversion and temperature inversion, indicating warm-moist air mass advection. Two detailed case studies illustrated how shifts in the mesoscale meteorological environment pertinent to moisture advection layers determined the presence and absence of thin supercooled liquid cloud layers.

亚热带某地地基激光雷达、雷达和无线电探空仪观测到的中层水汽对流层上局部形成的薄过冷液状层云
通过在一个亚热带站点常规运行的地基水汽拉曼激光雷达、偏振激光雷达、云雷达和常规无线电探空仪进行的为期∼2 年的观测,揭示了中层湿气对流层上薄过冷液体层状云的局部形成特征。在我们的亚热带站点,一年四季都能观测到这些水汽平流层,而薄的过冷液体层状云主要出现在冬季,当时 0°C 等温线水平出现在较低的高度。据测定,这些云大多形成于被强烈温度倒转覆盖的水汽平流层顶部。温度-水汽结构搭配(水汽混合比为 ∼2-5 g kg-1 的水汽层上边缘位于温度反转的底部)产生了一个狭窄的冷湿水饱和层。这种有温度反转而无水汽反转的搭配是水汽平流层上边界所特有的。在水汽平流层的底部或中间部分,形成了相对少数(∼33%)的薄过冷液态层状云,水汽反转与温度反转同时出现。在相应的水饱和层内,相对湿度在水汽反常和温度反常重合的顶部达到峰值,表明暖湿气流的吸入。两个详细的案例研究说明了与水汽平流层相关的中尺度气象环境的变化如何决定了薄过冷液态云层的存在与否。
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来源期刊
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Earth and Planetary Sciences-Geophysics
CiteScore
7.30
自引率
11.40%
发文量
684
期刊介绍: JGR: Atmospheres publishes articles that advance and improve understanding of atmospheric properties and processes, including the interaction of the atmosphere with other components of the Earth system.
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