Effect of photobiomodulation and corticopuncture methods on tooth displacement and gene expression: animal study.

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRX1), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and type I collagen (COL1) and the rate of tooth movement comparing 3 accelerated tooth movement (ATM) methods: Corticopuncture (CP), photobiomodulation (PBM) and the combined technique (CP + PBM) on days 1, 3, 7 and 14.

Methods: Orthodontic tooth movement was induced in 24 male Wistar rats. CP procedure included three perforations: two in the palate and one mesial to the molars. GaAlAs diode laser irradiation was performed on days 0, 2, 4 and 6, totaling 4 irradiations. 14 days (810 nm, 100 mW, 15 s). Gingival tissue was collected from the cervical area of both first molars and qPCR was performed to isolate and quantify mRNA levels.

Results: All ATM groups showed increased tooth displacement compared to control after 14 days (20% for PBM; 40% for CP and 60% for CP + PBM). PBM showed higher VEGF expression on days 1,3 and 7 followed by CP and CP + PBM. PRX1 levels increased on days 1 and 3 in PBM and CP + PBM. GLUT1 increased on day 3 in all groups. No difference was found on levels of VEGF, PRX1 and GLUT1 among the groups on day 14, except for COL1 which increased significantly in PBM group.

Conclusion: All ATM methods showed higher expression of all of VEGF, PRX1, GLUT1, COL1 than control group. PBM and CP + PBM groups had more expression related to angiogenesis, glucose uptake, oxidative stress and collagen synthesis.