Stigma and Sexual Dissatisfaction in Middle-Aged and Older Sexual Minorities

Abstract

High sexual quality and activity predict psychological well-being in heterosexual middle-aged and older adults; however, these associations have not been documented in sexual minorities, who have faced lifelong stigma concerning their sexuality. This paper presents data from two secondary studies that explored the benefits of being sexually active and satisfied and the role of internalized homonegativity in a sample of middle-aged and older sexual minorities. Study 1 was a cross-sectional survey collected on 91 sexually active sexual minorities (ages 40–80) in same-sex relationships. Study 2 was a cross-sectional survey collected on 235 single and partnered sexual minorities (ages 40–90), which included sexually active (N = 101) and inactive (N = 134) participants. In Study 1, sexual satisfaction was associated with higher psychological well-being and dissatisfaction was more prominently associated with lower psychological well-being. In Study 2, we found that the sexually active participants had higher levels of psychological well-being, in addition to corroborating the Study 1 findings. Additionally, we also determined that sexual dissatisfaction was a mediator between internalized homonegativity and psychological well-being. These findings accentuate the benefits of retaining high sexual quality and activity for middle-aged and older sexual minorities. Although there are apparent advantages of being sexually satisfied, the relationship to psychological well-being is stronger and more of a concern for those who are dissatisfied, which is rooted in internalized homonegativity. These results can guide practitioners working with middle-aged and older sexual minorities to help them achieve successful aging trajectories by reducing their internalized homonegativity and promoting higher sexual quality.