Air Toxics Matter to More than Just Air

IF 7.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Pollution Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125308

Kaixin Huang, Loretta A. Fernandez, Julia Varshavsky, Matthew J. Eckelman

引用次数: 0

Abstract

The U.S. EPA regulates hazardous air pollution under the Clean Air Act, designating 188 substances as ‘air toxics’. Despite this designation, air pollutants may partition to other environmental compartments and present risks through exposure routes other than inhalation. We use the USEtox multi-media fate model to determine which exposure routes contribute to overall intake fraction and disease risk for 60 air toxics that are present in the model. Inhalation was the dominant exposure route for intake fraction for the majority of air toxics considered, but for 13 cases (>20%), ingestion was dominant, particularly through consumption of above-ground produce. Disease risk showed similar patterns, with a contribution from inhalation of higher than 90% for approximately half of the air toxics considered and higher than 50% for another quarter, but with a dominant contribution from ingestion for the remaining quarter of substances. The results emphasize the continued need for careful communication of chemical risks that reflects complex partitioning and multiple potential exposure routes.

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空气有毒物质不仅影响空气

美国环保局根据《清洁空气法》对有害空气污染进行监管，将 188 种物质指定为 "空气毒素"。尽管有这一称号，但空气污染物可能会进入其他环境区划，并通过吸入以外的接触途径带来风险。我们使用 USEtox 多介质归宿模型来确定哪些接触途径会对模型中存在的 60 种空气有毒物质的总体摄入量和疾病风险产生影响。对于所考虑的大多数空气有毒物质而言，吸入是摄入量的主要接触途径，但在 13 个案例（占 20%）中，摄入是主要接触途径，尤其是通过食用地上农产品。疾病风险显示了类似的模式，在所考虑的空气有毒物质中，约有一半的吸入风险超过 90%，另有四分之一的吸入风险超过 50%，但在其余四分之一的物质中，摄入风险占主导地位。这些结果表明，仍有必要对反映复杂分区和多种潜在接触途径的化学品风险进行仔细沟通。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Environmental Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

16.00

自引率

6.70%

发文量

2082

审稿时长

2.9 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Pollution is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality research papers and review articles covering all aspects of environmental pollution and its impacts on ecosystems and human health. Subject areas include, but are not limited to: • Sources and occurrences of pollutants that are clearly defined and measured in environmental compartments, food and food-related items, and human bodies; • Interlinks between contaminant exposure and biological, ecological, and human health effects, including those of climate change; • Contaminants of emerging concerns (including but not limited to antibiotic resistant microorganisms or genes, microplastics/nanoplastics, electronic wastes, light, and noise) and/or their biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Laboratory and field studies on the remediation/mitigation of environmental pollution via new techniques and with clear links to biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Modeling of pollution processes, patterns, or trends that is of clear environmental and/or human health interest; • New techniques that measure and examine environmental occurrences, transport, behavior, and effects of pollutants within the environment or the laboratory, provided that they can be clearly used to address problems within regional or global environmental compartments.