Effects of a Common Surfactant Sodium Lauryl Sulfate on Early Life Stages of Two Fish and One Amphibian Species

IF 3.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI:10.1007/s11270-024-07639-8

Giorgia Zicarelli, Federica Impellitteri, Caterina Faggio, Jana Blahova, Zdenka Svobodova, Renata Hesova, Barbora Riesova, Michaela Frederika Vargova, Giuseppe Piccione, Cristiana Roberta Multisanti, Pavla Lakdawala

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Abstract

Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is an anionic surfactant used as an emulsifying detergent in personal care products (PCPs). As a pseudo-persistent pollutant, it accumulates in aquatic ecosystems with consequent adverse effects on the whole ecosystem. Most of the studies about the toxicity of SLS on non-target species were conducted before 2010, and just a bunch of recent studies focus on this topic. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a rise in the use of PCPs, thus increasing SLS release in aquatic environments. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the impact of SLS on non-target organisms Danio rerio, Cyprinus carpio, and Xenopus laevis, through embryotoxicity tests. Embryos were exposed to different concentrations of SLS (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 15 mg/L) for 96 h and relevant toxicity endpoints (mortality, hatching rate, and malformations) were monitored each 24 h. Additionally, heart rates along with animal length were measured. The study highlights the high sensitivity of D. rerio and X. laevis when exposed to SLS concentrations comparable to the one detected in the environment. Specifically, relevant results have been observed in the endpoint of mortality (D. rerio showed 100% mortality in the highest concentrations), hatching and malformations in both animals. Heart rate measurements showed significant differences in C. carpio and D. rerio in all the concentrations tested.

Graphical abstract

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常见表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠对两种鱼类和一种两栖动物早期生命阶段的影响

十二烷基硫酸钠（SLS）是一种阴离子表面活性剂，在个人护理产品（PCPs）中用作乳化洗涤剂。作为一种假持久性污染物，它在水生生态系统中累积，从而对整个生态系统产生不利影响。大多数有关 SLS 对非目标物种毒性的研究都是在 2010 年之前进行的，最近才有一些研究关注这一主题。由于 COVID-19 的流行，五氯苯酚的使用有所增加，从而增加了 SLS 在水生环境中的释放量。因此，本研究旨在通过胚胎毒性测试，评估 SLS 对非目标生物 Danio rerio、Cyprinus carpio 和 Xenopus laevis 的影响。将胚胎暴露于不同浓度的 SLS（0.1、0.5、1、5、10、15 毫克/升）中 96 小时，每 24 小时监测一次相关毒性终点（死亡率、孵化率和畸形）。这项研究表明，当 D. rerio 和 X. laevis 暴露于与环境中检测到的浓度相当的 SLS 时，其敏感性很高。具体来说，在两种动物的死亡率（D. rerio 在最高浓度下死亡率为 100%）、孵化率和畸形率等终点方面都观察到了相关结果。心率测量结果表明，在所有测试浓度下，鲤鱼和鲫鱼的心率都有显著差异。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

6.90%

发文量

448

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.