The First Nations Community Experiences With the SOAR Research Program: Improving Type 2 Diabetes Prevention and Management

Abstract

Objectives

Indigenous peoples in Canada are considered the highest risk populations for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Quality improvement (QI) strategies may be considered effective interventions for improving T2DM health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to understand experiences associated with implementation of the SOAR QI program to improve prevention and management of T2DM.

Methods

A qualitative study was conducted, and in-depth, semistructured interviews were held with QI team members and key contacts, in person and through videoconference with 2 First Nations communities. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed for data analysis.

Results

Ten interviews were conducted and emerging themes from the data analysis were organized into 2 categories: facilitators and barriers. Four subthemes were identified. Two subthemes emerged under the category of facilitators (cultural relevance and partnership building) and 2 subthemes emerged under the category of barriers (workload burden, role ambiguity).

Conclusions

This study highlights the necessity of implementing diabetes QI strategies that foster cultural sensitivity and provide opportunities for partnership building to strengthen community relationships. We also highlight the importance of diminishing role ambiguity and increased workload burdens, which can hinder the successful implementation of QI programs long term. Our findings can be used to improve future adaptations of SOAR and other diabetes First Nations–focussed QI strategies to benefit Indigenous people in acquiring optimal outcomes relative to T2DM care. Findings can also inform the design, practices, and policies of such QI interventions in support of the spread and sustainability of the intervention long term.