Fractures around the knee in elderly patients: Balancing fixation and arthroplasty approaches, a multicenter experience.

Abstract

Introduction: In recent years, a discernible shift has occurred in the approach to knee pathologies, specifically in the management of acute fractures. Traditionally, fractures were primarily treated through osteosynthesis, whereas prosthesis replacement was primarily reserved for degenerative issues. Outcomes of this investigation aim to elucidate the potential indications and contraindications for the use of prosthetic interventions in the management of such fractures and to propose a scoring system that can be adopted for the choice between the two different approaches.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on patients treated for periarticular knee fractures, with a focus on elderly patients. Patients aged older than 65 years treated in three Italian centers were recruited. Inclusion criteria comprised fractures around the knee, including distal femur types 33-A, 33-B, and 33-C, and proximal tibia types 41-A, 41-B, and 41-C, in accordance with the AO/OTA classification. Surgical treatment with osteosynthesis or arthroplasty was required and investigated.

Results: Between August 2017 and October 2022, 91 patients with periarticular knee fractures underwent surgical treatment, 23.1 % males and 76.9 % females, with 78 % undergoing osteosynthesis and 22 % acute total knee replacement. Distal femoral fractures constituted 37.4 %, while 62.6 % were proximal tibial fractures. Average age at surgery was 76.4 years. Patient outcomes were assessed using PROMs, revealing generally positive results, including survivorship of 95 % at the final follow-up for both groups using the Kaplan Meier survival estimate. The study introduces a novel Total Knee Replacement Indication Scoring System (TKRISS) based on the AO Classification.

Conclusions: Nowadays osteosynthesis remains the main treatment for fractures around the knee. In a geriatric patient's population and in carefully selected patients replacement can be a valid option for early weight bearing and quicker recovery comparing to fixation. The Total Knee Replacement Indication Scoring System provides a useful tool for healthcare to assess the potential indication for TKR in the context of knee fractures. It integrates a range of relevant factors, acknowledging the complex nature of patient care. Further clinical research and validation are essential to refine and optimize this scoring system.