Disability Education for Health Personnel and Impact on Health Outcomes for Persons with Autism: A Scoping Review.

Abstract

Autism manifests in various progressive, fluctuating, or static differences that may be disabling. This requires healthcare staff to provide individualized, culturally competent care for autistic people (AP). However, staff are underprepared since disability curricula are not universally implemented, which may exacerbate health disparities for AP. The Alliance for Disability in Health Care Education (ADHCE) delineated staff competencies to address disparities. The purpose of this review was to describe what is known about disability education initiatives and health-related outcomes for AP. The review included published literature on disability education for any health personnel providing services to AP in any setting where healthcare services are delivered. In June 2023, six databases were queried. Of 3,396 screened reports, 42 were extracted. Most articles originated in the United States and reported various instructional strategies on child-focused educational content for small interprofessional groups in various settings. The biomedical and biopsychosocial disability models were prominent. The training covered few, if any, ADHCE competencies and rarely involved collaboration with AP. Positive outcomes included improved functional health, behavior, and communication. Patient-reported outcomes and physical and psychosocial health were underreported. Future initiatives should involve scaled-up global efforts, address core competencies for care across the lifespan, and establish community partnerships to ensure meaningful outcomes.