Construction of a realistic voxel phantom of the Japanese red fox (Vulpes vulpes japonica) based on MRI imaging and estimation of its background external radiation dose rate from environmental radionuclides.

Abstract

In this study, we selected the Japanese red fox (Vulpes vulpes japonica) as a representative mid-size mammal from the forests near the spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant at Rokkasho. A fox voxel phantom was constructed based on magnetic resonance imaging of a female red fox caught in Rokkasho. This phantom consisted of 264 × 321 × 383 voxels (each voxel size: 0.78 × 0.78 × 2 mm) with internal organs. The external radiation dose rate to the voxel phantom by beta and gamma rays from environmental radionuclides was estimated using a Monte Carlo code (EGS4 and UCPIXEL). We estimated the dose rates to the phantom on the ground and in an average fox burrow in the Rokkasho forest, which were 11 and 27 nGy h-1, respectively. Assuming that the animal on the ground was irradiated by cosmic rays of 27 nGy h-1, the total external dose rate was evaluated to be 38 nGy h-1. Based on the assumption that the fox lives on the ground for 12 h and in the burrow for 12 h, the dose rate was estimated to be 33 nGy h-1.