Male Endurance Athletes: Examination of Energy and Carbohydrate Availability and Hormone Responses.

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrients Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI:10.3390/nu16213729

Erin M Moore, Clemens Drenowatz, Brittany T Williams, Thaddeus C Brodrick, David F Stodden, Toni M Torres-McGehee

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: This study investigated the effects of decreased energy availability (EA) and carbohydrate availability (CA) on reproductive and metabolic hormones in male endurance-trained athletes.

Methods: Thirteen athletes (age: 26.08 ± 4.3 years; weight: 70.9 ± 6.5 kg; height: 179.9 ± 4.2 cm) participated in two training weeks with varying training volumes (low [LV] and high [HV]). The participants logged their diet and exercise for seven days and provided blood samples to measure hormone levels (Testosterone [T], insulin, leptin, cortisol, and interleukin-6 [IL-6]).

Results: Results showed that 46.2% (HV) and 38.5% (LV) of participants were at risk for low EA (≤25 kcal/kg FFM·d-1), while 53.8% (HV) and 69.2% (LV) had low CA (<6 g/kg). Strong positive correlations were found between leptin and body fat percentage (DXABFP) in both weeks (HV: r(11) = 0.88, p < 0.001; LV: r(11) = 0.93, p < 0.001). Moderate correlations were observed between T and DXABFP (r(11) = 0.56, p = 0.05) and negative correlations between leptin and fat intake (r(11) = -0.60, p = 0.03). Regression analyses indicated significant relationships between DXABFP and T (F(1,11) = 4.91, p = 0.049), leptin (HV: F(1,11) = 40.56, p < 0.001; LV: F(1,11) = 74.67, p < 0.001), and cortisol (F(1,11) = 6.69, p = 0.025).

Conclusions: These findings suggest that monitoring body composition and macronutrients can be clinically useful for male athletes, especially those without access to blood testing. Ultimately, a greater understanding of health and performance outcomes for male athletes is needed.

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男性耐力运动员：研究能量和碳水化合物的可用性以及激素反应。

背景本研究调查了减少能量供应（EA）和碳水化合物供应（CA）对男性耐力训练运动员生殖和代谢激素的影响：13 名运动员（年龄：26.08 ± 4.3 岁；体重：70.9 ± 6.5 千克；身高：179.9 ± 4.2 厘米）参加了两周不同训练量（低[LV]和高[HV]）的训练。参与者记录了七天的饮食和运动情况，并提供血液样本以测量激素水平（睾酮[T]、胰岛素、瘦素、皮质醇和白细胞介素-6[IL-6]）：结果显示，46.2%（HV）和 38.5%（LV）的参与者存在低 EA 风险（≤25 千卡/千克 FFM-d-1），而 53.8%（HV）和 69.2%（LV）的参与者存在低 CA 风险（p < 0.001；LV：r(11) = 0.93，p < 0.001）。T与DXABFP之间呈中度相关（r(11) = 0.56，p = 0.05），瘦素与脂肪摄入量之间呈负相关（r(11) = -0.60，p = 0.03）。回归分析表明，DXABFP 与 T（F(1,11) = 4.91，p = 0.049）、瘦素（HV：F(1,11) = 40.56，p < 0.001；LV：F(1,11) = 74.67，p < 0.001）和皮质醇（F(1,11) = 6.69，p = 0.025）之间存在显著关系：这些研究结果表明，监测身体成分和宏量营养素对男性运动员，尤其是那些无法进行血液检测的男性运动员有临床帮助。最终，我们需要对男性运动员的健康和表现结果有更深入的了解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nutrients NUTRITION & DIETETICS-

CiteScore

9.20

自引率

15.30%

发文量

4599

审稿时长

16.74 days

期刊介绍： Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643) is an international, peer-reviewed open access advanced forum for studies related to Human Nutrition. It publishes reviews, regular research papers and short communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.