{"title":"Pharmacological Innovations in Space: Challenges and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Zinnet Şevval Aksoyalp, Aybala Temel, Merve Karpuz","doi":"10.1007/s11095-024-03788-x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Since the first human experience in space, the interest in space research and medicine to explore universe is growing day by day. The extreme space conditions mainly radiation and microgravity effects on human physiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, and efficacy, safety, and stability of drugs. Therefore, the aim of this review is to address the impact of extreme space conditions, mainly microgravity and radiation, on human physiology and highlights the need for future approaches by evaluating the effectiveness of strategies to prevent or mitigate health problems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Published papers and NASA technical documents were searched in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases using the keywords ''antimicrobial susceptibility or drug resistance or drug stability or innovations or pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamics'' and ''radiation or microgravity or space environments or space medicine or space pharmacy'' to prepare this review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this review, the challenges regarding physiological effects and drug-related problems are examined through the evaluation of extreme conditions in space. Medications used in spaceflight are summarized, and the role of pharmacists specializing in space medicine is briefly explained. Last but not least, to overcome the aforementioned issues, novel approaches have been addressed, such as personalised treatments, development of space-resistant formulations and various microbial applications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Further research in the space medicine is required to facilitate the safe and healthy travel of humans to the Moon, Mars and other extraterrestrial destinations. One bear in mind that space research will contribute not only to the exploration of the universe, but also to the advancement of health and technological discoveries on Earth.</p>","PeriodicalId":20027,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Pharmaceutical Research","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-024-03788-x","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Purpose: Since the first human experience in space, the interest in space research and medicine to explore universe is growing day by day. The extreme space conditions mainly radiation and microgravity effects on human physiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, and efficacy, safety, and stability of drugs. Therefore, the aim of this review is to address the impact of extreme space conditions, mainly microgravity and radiation, on human physiology and highlights the need for future approaches by evaluating the effectiveness of strategies to prevent or mitigate health problems.
Methods: Published papers and NASA technical documents were searched in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases using the keywords ''antimicrobial susceptibility or drug resistance or drug stability or innovations or pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamics'' and ''radiation or microgravity or space environments or space medicine or space pharmacy'' to prepare this review.
Results: In this review, the challenges regarding physiological effects and drug-related problems are examined through the evaluation of extreme conditions in space. Medications used in spaceflight are summarized, and the role of pharmacists specializing in space medicine is briefly explained. Last but not least, to overcome the aforementioned issues, novel approaches have been addressed, such as personalised treatments, development of space-resistant formulations and various microbial applications.
Conclusions: Further research in the space medicine is required to facilitate the safe and healthy travel of humans to the Moon, Mars and other extraterrestrial destinations. One bear in mind that space research will contribute not only to the exploration of the universe, but also to the advancement of health and technological discoveries on Earth.
目的：自人类首次进入太空以来，人们对太空研究和探索宇宙的医学兴趣与日俱增。以辐射和微重力为主的极端空间条件对人体生理、抗菌药敏感性以及药物的有效性、安全性和稳定性都有影响。因此，本综述旨在探讨极端太空条件（主要是微重力和辐射）对人体生理的影响，并通过评估预防或减轻健康问题的策略的有效性，强调未来方法的必要性：方法：在 Pubmed 和 Google Scholar 数据库中使用关键词"'抗菌素敏感性或耐药性或药物稳定性或创新或药代动力学或药效学'"和"'辐射或微重力或太空环境或太空医学或太空药学'"检索已发表的论文和 NASA 技术文档，以编写本综述：在这篇综述中，通过对太空极端条件的评估，研究了有关生理效应和药物相关问题的挑战。总结了太空飞行中使用的药物，并简要说明了太空医学专业药剂师的作用。最后但并非最不重要的一点是，为了克服上述问题，还探讨了一些新方法，如个性化治疗、开发抗太空制剂和各种微生物应用：为促进人类安全健康地前往月球、火星和其他地外目的地，需要进一步开展太空医学研究。要知道，太空研究不仅有助于探索宇宙，还有助于促进地球上的健康和技术发现。
期刊介绍：
Pharmaceutical Research, an official journal of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, is committed to publishing novel research that is mechanism-based, hypothesis-driven and addresses significant issues in drug discovery, development and regulation. Current areas of interest include, but are not limited to:
-(pre)formulation engineering and processing-
computational biopharmaceutics-
drug delivery and targeting-
molecular biopharmaceutics and drug disposition (including cellular and molecular pharmacology)-
pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenetics.
Research may involve nonclinical and clinical studies, and utilize both in vitro and in vivo approaches. Studies on small drug molecules, pharmaceutical solid materials (including biomaterials, polymers and nanoparticles) biotechnology products (including genes, peptides, proteins and vaccines), and genetically engineered cells are welcome.
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