{"title":"Influence of Interleukin Polymorphisms on the Risk of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Praveen Kumar Chandra Sekar, Ramakrishnan Veerabathiran","doi":"10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_110_24","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interleukin (IL) genes are essential for regulating the immune and inflammatory processes. Epidemiological studies suggest that polymorphisms in IL genes are associated with a higher risk of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to examine the association between RPL risk and IL gene polymorphisms.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase to identify relevant studies published until May 30, 2024. A total of 58 studies involving 13,696 participants (both RPL cases and controls) were included. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using fixed- or random-effects models, as appropriate, with ReviewManager version 5.4, Cochrane RoB Tool 2 and G*Power 3.1 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis revealed significant correlations between RPL risk and genetic variations in IL-1β (-511T > C), IL-6 (-174 G > C) and IL-10 (-1082 A > G and-592 C > A), with statistical significance set at <i>P</i> < 0.05. Ethnic subgroup analysis showed that IL-1β (-511T > C) and IL-10 (-592 C > A) variations were strongly associated with RPL risk in Asian populations.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Our research suggests that genetic variations in IL-1β (-511T > C), IL-6 (-174 G > C) and IL-10 (-1082 A > G and-592 C > A) are associated with susceptibility to RPL.</p><p><strong>Limitation: </strong>Our meta-analysis concentrated exclusively on single-factor studies and did not consider potential confounding variables such as age, environmental influences and lifestyle, which could affect susceptibility to RPL. In addition, the lack of individual raw data prevented us from investigating gene-environment and gene-gene interactions or the influence of other polymorphisms and cytokines in our analysis.</p><p><strong>Protocol registration: </strong>http://www.osf.io/qhbva.</p>","PeriodicalId":15975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences","volume":"17 3","pages":"142-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559354/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_110_24","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/9/26 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Interleukin (IL) genes are essential for regulating the immune and inflammatory processes. Epidemiological studies suggest that polymorphisms in IL genes are associated with a higher risk of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL).
Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between RPL risk and IL gene polymorphisms.
Materials and methods: A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase to identify relevant studies published until May 30, 2024. A total of 58 studies involving 13,696 participants (both RPL cases and controls) were included. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using fixed- or random-effects models, as appropriate, with ReviewManager version 5.4, Cochrane RoB Tool 2 and G*Power 3.1 software.
Results: The meta-analysis revealed significant correlations between RPL risk and genetic variations in IL-1β (-511T > C), IL-6 (-174 G > C) and IL-10 (-1082 A > G and-592 C > A), with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. Ethnic subgroup analysis showed that IL-1β (-511T > C) and IL-10 (-592 C > A) variations were strongly associated with RPL risk in Asian populations.
Interpretation: Our research suggests that genetic variations in IL-1β (-511T > C), IL-6 (-174 G > C) and IL-10 (-1082 A > G and-592 C > A) are associated with susceptibility to RPL.
Limitation: Our meta-analysis concentrated exclusively on single-factor studies and did not consider potential confounding variables such as age, environmental influences and lifestyle, which could affect susceptibility to RPL. In addition, the lack of individual raw data prevented us from investigating gene-environment and gene-gene interactions or the influence of other polymorphisms and cytokines in our analysis.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences (JHRS) (ISSN:0974-1208) a Quarterly peer-reviewed international journal is being launched in January 2008 under the auspices of Indian Society of Assisted Reproduction. The journal will cover all aspects human reproduction including Andrology, Assisted conception, Endocrinology, Physiology and Pathology, Implantation, Preimplantation Diagnosis, Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis, Embryology as well as Ethical, Legal and Social issues. The journal will publish peer-reviewed original research papers, case reports, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, and debates.
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