Effects of time-restricted feeding and weight-loaded swimming test on androgen levels and androgen receptor expression in orchiectomized male Wistar rats.

IF 2.9 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS
Chun Hung Liow, Norhaizan Mohd Esa, Azhar Yaacob, Hazizi Abu Saad
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background & aims: Testosterone, vital for reproductive health and muscle development, declines with age, increasing susceptibility to conditions like diabetes, obesity and sarcopenia. Conventional hormone therapy carries risks, including elevated prostate-specific antigens and prostate cancer risk, prompting exploration of safer options like intermittent fasting (IF) and physical training (PT) which potentially boost androgen in certain cases. However, their combined impacts on testosterone remain underexplored. This study aimed to assess the individual and combined effects of IF and PT on androgen and androgen receptor (AR) levels.

Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 8 each): negative control (NC) receiving food ad libitum without orchiectomized, positive control (PC) receiving daily testosterone enanthate injections, IF with 16/8 time-restricted feeding, PT with 1-hour forced swimming sessions, and combined IF+PT. After 8 weeks, DHEA and testosterone levels, AR expression, gastrocnemius muscle histology, and body weight were assessed.

Results: In comparison to the NC group (429.40 ± 26.86 g), body weight in the IF (348.90 ± 15.94 g, PT (391.40 ± 16.35 g), and IF+PT groups, (360.90 ± 29.90 g) was significantly lowered (p < 0.05) after 8 weeks of study. The muscle fiber cross-sectional area in the IF (2968 μm2; IQR 1995-4053 μm2), PT (2956 μm2; IQR 2089-4371 μm2), and IF+PT groups, (3389 μm2; IQR 2260-4596 μm2) was significantly greater than the NC group (2508 μm2; IQR 1800-3567 μm2. p < 0.05) after the study. DHEA levels significantly increased in the PT and IF+PT groups (375.01 ±32.55 ng/μL and 420.00 ± 24.50 ng/μL, respectively) compared to the NC group (257.09 ± 67.79 ng/μL, p < 0.05). However, neither IF nor PT, alone or in combination, resulted in improvements in testosterone levels or AR expression in the gastrocnemius muscle. with testosterone levels remained unchanged.

Conclusion: IF, PT, and IF+PT demonstrated potential effects on improving androgen levels, managing weight, and enhancing muscle growth, with IF+PT emerging as the most effective intervention. Despite these positive outcomes, the lack of impact on AR expression and testosterone levels suggests the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and potential clinical applications for managing androgen deficiency through these interventions.

限时喂食和负重游泳试验对睾丸切除雄性Wistar大鼠体内雄激素水平和雄激素受体表达的影响
背景与目的:睾酮对生殖健康和肌肉发育至关重要,但随着年龄的增长,睾酮会逐渐减少,从而增加患糖尿病、肥胖症和肌肉疏松症等疾病的风险。传统的激素疗法存在风险,包括前列腺特异性抗原升高和前列腺癌风险,这促使人们探索更安全的方案,如间歇性禁食(IF)和体育训练(PT),它们在某些情况下可能会提高雄激素。然而,它们对睾酮的综合影响仍未得到充分探索。本研究旨在评估间歇性禁食和体能训练对雄激素和雄激素受体(AR)水平的单独和综合影响:将 40 只雄性 Wistar 大鼠分为 5 组(每组 8 只):阴性对照组(NC)自由进食,不切除睾丸;阳性对照组(PC)每天注射庚酸睾酮;IF 组采用 16/8 限时喂食;PT 组采用 1 小时强迫游泳;IF+PT 组联合使用。8周后,评估DHEA和睾酮水平、AR表达、腓肠肌组织学和体重:结果:与 NC 组(429.40 ± 26.86 g)相比,IF 组(348.90 ± 15.94 g)、PT 组(391.40 ± 16.35 g)和 IF+PT 组(360.90 ± 29.90 g)的体重在 8 周后明显降低(P < 0.05)。研究结束后,IF 组(2968 μm2;IQR 1995-4053 μm2)、PT 组(2956 μm2;IQR 2089-4371 μm2)和 IF+PT 组(3389 μm2;IQR 2260-4596 μm2)的肌纤维横截面积明显大于 NC 组(2508 μm2;IQR 1800-3567 μm2。与 NC 组(257.09 ± 67.79 ng/μL,p < 0.05)相比,PT 组和 IF+PT 组的 DHEA 水平明显增加(分别为 375.01 ± 32.55 ng/μL 和 420.00 ± 24.50 ng/μL)。然而,单独或联合使用 IF 或 PT 均不能改善睾酮水平或腓肠肌中 AR 的表达,睾酮水平保持不变:结论:IF、PT 和 IF+PT 对改善雄激素水平、控制体重和促进肌肉生长具有潜在作用,其中 IF+PT 是最有效的干预措施。尽管取得了这些积极成果,但对 AR 表达和睾酮水平缺乏影响表明,有必要开展进一步研究,以阐明通过这些干预措施控制雄激素缺乏的潜在机制和临床应用。
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来源期刊
Clinical nutrition ESPEN
Clinical nutrition ESPEN NUTRITION & DIETETICS-
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
3.30%
发文量
512
期刊介绍: Clinical Nutrition ESPEN is an electronic-only journal and is an official publication of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN). Nutrition and nutritional care have gained wide clinical and scientific interest during the past decades. The increasing knowledge of metabolic disturbances and nutritional assessment in chronic and acute diseases has stimulated rapid advances in design, development and clinical application of nutritional support. The aims of ESPEN are to encourage the rapid diffusion of knowledge and its application in the field of clinical nutrition and metabolism. Published bimonthly, Clinical Nutrition ESPEN focuses on publishing articles on the relationship between nutrition and disease in the setting of basic science and clinical practice. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN is available to all members of ESPEN and to all subscribers of Clinical Nutrition.
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