An overview about biomarkers in breast cancer: Insights into the diagnostic and prognostic significance

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q2 MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

Clinica Chimica Acta Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2024.120030

Vanessa Emanuelle Pereira Santos , Pedro Luiz de França Neto , Beatriz Eda de Oliveira Isídio, Pedro Henrique Bezerra Fontes, Ingrid Andrêssa de Moura, Bruna Isabel Santos Cruz, Mylenna Máyra Gois de Sousa, Daffany Luana dos Santos, Bianca de França São Marcos, Samara Sousa de Pinho, Beatriz Mendonça Alves Bandeira, Stephanie Loureiro Leão, Thainá de Almeida Lima, Maria da Conceição Viana Invenção, Lígia Rosa Sales Leal, Benigno Cristofer Flores Espinoza, Larissa Silva de Macêdo, Matheus do Nascimento Carvalho, Anna Jéssica Duarte Silva, Antonio Carlos de Freitas

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most significant neoplasms globally due to its high incidence and mortality, particularly among females. As a highly heterogeneous pathology, biomarkers are essential for characterizing specific tumors. Currently, several biological processes are well-described in the context of this neoplasm, such as alterations in BRCA1/2, HER, and pathways involving estrogen and progesterone hormone receptors. These studies have enabled the use of these findings as more precise methods for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. However, beyond patients who do not exhibit these classic markers, some individuals within the same risk group respond differently to treatment. Therefore, the search for biological markers that can improve diagnosis, aid in stratification, or serve as therapeutic targets is continuous and urgent. Genetic signatures have led to molecular tests currently used in clinical practice, though certain limitations persist. Understanding genetic and epigenetic mechanisms facilitates the identification of potential biomarkers. Biomarker targets must undergo experimental and clinical trials on samples of significant size before reaching clinical utility. In this review, we compile the classical markers and describe the potential use of other markers associated with the biological processes of this neoplasm.

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乳腺癌生物标志物概述：洞察诊断和预后意义。

乳腺癌（BC）是全球最重要的肿瘤之一，发病率和死亡率都很高，尤其是女性。作为一种高度异质性的病理现象，生物标志物对于描述特定肿瘤的特征至关重要。目前，有几种生物过程在这种肿瘤中得到了很好的描述，如 BRCA1/2、HER 以及涉及雌激素和孕激素受体的通路的改变。这些研究使人们能够利用这些发现作为诊断、预后和治疗的更精确方法。然而，除了没有表现出这些经典标志物的患者外，同一风险组中的一些个体对治疗的反应也不尽相同。因此，寻找能够改善诊断、帮助分层或作为治疗目标的生物标志物的工作一直在进行，而且迫在眉睫。遗传特征已导致目前在临床实践中使用的分子检测，但仍存在一定的局限性。了解遗传和表观遗传机制有助于确定潜在的生物标记物。生物标志物靶点必须经过大量样本的实验和临床试验才能应用于临床。在这篇综述中，我们梳理了经典的标志物，并介绍了与这种肿瘤的生物学过程相关的其他标志物的潜在用途。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinica Chimica Acta 医学-医学实验技术

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

2.00%

发文量

1268

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： The Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Clinica Chimica Acta is a high-quality journal which publishes original Research Communications in the field of clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, defined as the diagnostic application of chemistry, biochemistry, immunochemistry, biochemical aspects of hematology, toxicology, and molecular biology to the study of human disease in body fluids and cells. The objective of the journal is to publish novel information leading to a better understanding of biological mechanisms of human diseases, their prevention, diagnosis, and patient management. Reports of an applied clinical character are also welcome. Papers concerned with normal metabolic processes or with constituents of normal cells or body fluids, such as reports of experimental or clinical studies in animals, are only considered when they are clearly and directly relevant to human disease. Evaluation of commercial products have a low priority for publication, unless they are novel or represent a technological breakthrough. Studies dealing with effects of drugs and natural products and studies dealing with the redox status in various diseases are not within the journal''s scope. Development and evaluation of novel analytical methodologies where applicable to diagnostic clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, including point-of-care testing, and topics on laboratory management and informatics will also be considered. Studies focused on emerging diagnostic technologies and (big) data analysis procedures including digitalization, mobile Health, and artificial Intelligence applied to Laboratory Medicine are also of interest.