Going through the motions: Biasing of dynamic attentional templates.

IF 3.7 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL
Sage E P Boettcher, Anna C Nobre
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Attention must coordinate with memory to actively anticipate sensory input and guide action. Memory content may be biased away from veridical when it is functionally adaptive. So far, research has considered the biasing of still features in static displays. It is unknown whether the biasing of attentional templates can functionally adapt dynamic stimuli to facilitate search when targets and distractors compete within temporally extended contexts. Biasing of dynamic templates would require learning and modulatory mechanisms capable of abstracting over space and time to guide perception. Four experiments used a novel dynamic visual search task combined with a memory probe to test whether dynamic attentional templates can be biased. In Experiments 1-3, participants searched for a moving target among distractors that systematically moved either clockwise or counterclockwise relative to the target. On memory probe trials, participants recalled the target direction as biased away from the distractors. The distortion bias was adaptively changed (Experiment 2), grew over time (Experiment 2), and occurred even when motion direction was not the target-defining feature (Experiment 3). Experiment 4 manipulated the speed of targets and distractors to test the generalizability of the findings. Participants searched for a target of a given speed among faster or slower distractors. Memory probing revealed that participants remembered the target speed as biased away from that of distractors. Across different tasks, the magnitude of the biasing correlated positively with search performance. Our findings provide compelling evidence that dynamic stimulus attributes in attentional templates can become functionally biased when adaptive. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

走过场动态注意模板的偏差
注意力必须与记忆相协调,以积极预测感官输入并指导行动。当记忆内容具有功能适应性时,记忆内容可能会偏离真实性。迄今为止,研究主要考虑的是静态显示中静态特征的偏移。当目标和干扰物在时间扩展的情境中竞争时,注意模板的偏移是否能在功能上适应动态刺激以促进搜索,目前还不得而知。动态模板的偏置需要能够对空间和时间进行抽象的学习和调节机制来引导感知。四项实验使用了新颖的动态视觉搜索任务和记忆探针,以测试动态注意模板是否会产生偏差。在实验1-3中,参与者在相对于目标顺时针或逆时针系统移动的干扰物中寻找移动目标。在记忆探测试验中,参与者回忆的目标方向偏离了干扰物。这种失真偏差会发生适应性变化(实验 2),随着时间的推移而增加(实验 2),甚至在运动方向不是目标定义特征时也会发生(实验 3)。实验 4 操作了目标和干扰物的速度,以检验研究结果的普遍性。参与者在速度较快或较慢的干扰物中寻找给定速度的目标。记忆探测显示,参与者对目标速度的记忆偏离了干扰物的速度。在不同的任务中,偏差的大小与搜索成绩呈正相关。我们的研究结果提供了令人信服的证据,证明注意模板中的动态刺激属性在适应时会产生功能偏差。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
4.90%
发文量
300
期刊介绍: The Journal of Experimental Psychology: General publishes articles describing empirical work that bridges the traditional interests of two or more communities of psychology. The work may touch on issues dealt with in JEP: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, JEP: Human Perception and Performance, JEP: Animal Behavior Processes, or JEP: Applied, but may also concern issues in other subdisciplines of psychology, including social processes, developmental processes, psychopathology, neuroscience, or computational modeling. Articles in JEP: General may be longer than the usual journal publication if necessary, but shorter articles that bridge subdisciplines will also be considered.
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