Menstrual-Cycle and Hormonal-Contraceptive Tracking in Gaelic Football: From the Lab to the Field.

IF 3.5 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY
Bernadette Cherianne Taim, Ciarán Ó Catháin, Kirsty J Elliott-Sale, Sharon Madigan, Niamh Ní Chéilleachair
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Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the implementation of menstrual-cycle (MC) and hormonal-contraceptive (HC) tracking among Gaelic Football players, including the characterization of MC status and symptomatology, and to examine the effect of MC and oral-contraceptive-pill phases on daily wellness.

Methods: Fourteen highly trained players (age 24.2 [3.5] y), including non-HC (n = 6), oral contraceptive pill (n = 7), and intrauterine system (n = 1) users, prospectively tracked their MC or HC alongside daily self-reported wellness measures for 4 months. A combination of calendar-based counting, urinary ovulation prediction testing, and a midluteal serum progesterone measurement was used to assess MC status.

Results: Only 2 non-HC players were eumenorrheic. Two players exhibited oligomenorrhea (cycle length, 39 [4] d), and ovulation was not detected in one of them. Luteal phase deficiency was indicated in 2 players (serum progesterone range <1.0-7.5 nmol·L-1). All players except 1 reported at least 1 negative MC-related symptom or HC side effect. Linear mixed-model analyses revealed that wellness measures were not affected by oral contraceptive pill phase (P > .05). Linear mixed-model analysis was not performed in non-HC users due to the small sample of eumenorrheic players (n = 2).

Conclusions: Diverse reproductive profiles were observed, including HC use and subtle MC irregularities that would likely go undetected without prospective MC tracking using biochemical outcomes. This highlights the value of incorporating ovulation testing and blood sampling when establishing the MC status of athletes in applied research and practice where feasible. Applied researchers should anticipate practical challenges, including inconsistencies in ovulation testing timings and the time scale required to assess MC status among athletes.

盖尔足球中的月经周期和荷尔蒙避孕追踪:从实验室到赛场
目的:本研究旨在描述盖尔足球运动员月经周期(MC)和荷尔蒙避孕药(HC)跟踪的实施情况,包括MC状态和症状的特征,并研究MC和口服避孕药阶段对日常健康的影响:方法:14 名训练有素的球员(年龄 24.2 [3.5] 岁),包括非 MC(n = 6)、口服避孕药(n = 7)和宫内避孕系统(n = 1)使用者,对他们的 MC 或 HC 以及每日自我报告的健康指标进行了为期 4 个月的前瞻性追踪。在评估 MC 状态时,结合使用了日历计数、尿液排卵预测测试和黄体中期血清孕酮测量法:结果:只有 2 名非HC 球员出现闭经。结果:只有 2 名非HC 球员出现闭经,2 名球员出现少经(周期长度为 39 [4] d),其中一人未检测到排卵。2 名球员出现黄体期不足(血清孕酮范围为 0.05)。由于无月经的球员样本较少(n = 2),因此未对非 HC 使用者进行线性混合模型分析:结论:观察到了不同的生殖特征,包括使用 HC 和微妙的 MC 不规则,如果不使用生化结果进行前瞻性 MC 跟踪,这些特征很可能不会被发现。这凸显了在可行的情况下,在应用研究和实践中确定运动员的 MC 状态时,结合排卵测试和血液采样的价值。应用研究人员应预见到实际挑战,包括排卵测试时间的不一致性以及评估运动员 MC 状况所需的时间尺度。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
12.10%
发文量
199
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance (IJSPP) focuses on sport physiology and performance and is dedicated to advancing the knowledge of sport and exercise physiologists, sport-performance researchers, and other sport scientists. The journal publishes authoritative peer-reviewed research in sport physiology and related disciplines, with an emphasis on work having direct practical applications in enhancing sport performance in sport physiology and related disciplines. IJSPP publishes 10 issues per year: January, February, March, April, May, July, August, September, October, and November.
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