Genetics in the Ocean's Twilight Zone: Population Structure of the Glacier Lanternfish Across Its Distribution Range

IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q1 EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
María Quintela, Eva García-Seoane, Geir Dahle, Thor A. Klevjer, Webjørn Melle, Roger Lille-Langøy, François Besnier, Konstantinos Tsagarakis, Maxime Geoffroy, Naiara Rodríguez-Ezpeleta, Eugenie Jacobsen, David Côté, Sofie Knutar, Laila Unneland, Espen Strand, Kevin Glover
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Abstract

The mesopelagic zone represents one of the few habitats that remains relatively untouched from anthropogenic activities. Among the many species inhabiting the north Atlantic mesopelagic zone, glacier lanternfish (Benthosema glaciale) is the most abundant and widely distributed. This species has been regarded as a potential target for a dedicated fishery despite the scarce knowledge of its population genetic structure. Here, we investigated its genetic structure across the North Atlantic and into the Mediterranean Sea using 121 SNPs, which revealed strong differentiation among three main groups: the Mediterranean Sea, oceanic samples, and Norwegian fjords. The Mediterranean samples displayed less than half the genetic variation of the remaining ones. Very weak or nearly absent genetic structure was detected among geographically distinct oceanic samples across the North Atlantic, which contrasts with the low motility of the species. In contrast, a longitudinal gradient of differentiation was observed in the Mediterranean Sea, where genetic connectivity is known to be strongly shaped by oceanographic processes such as current patterns and oceanographic discontinuities. In addition, 12 of the SNPs, in linkage disequilibrium, drove a three clusters' pattern detectable through Principal Component Analysis biplot matching the genetic signatures generally associated with large chromosomal rearrangements, such as inversions. The arrangement of this putative inversion showed frequency differences between open-ocean and more confined water bodies such as the fjords and the Mediterranean, as it was fixed in the latter for the second most common arrangement of the fjord's samples. However, whether genetic differentiation was driven by local adaptation, secondary contact, or a combination of both factors remains undetermined. The major finding of this study is that B. glaciale in the North Atlantic-Mediterranean is divided into three major genetic units, information that should be combined with demographic properties to outline the management of this species prior to any eventual fishery attempt.

Abstract Image

海洋奇幻地带的遗传学:冰川灯笼鱼在其分布范围内的种群结构。
中深海区是少数几个相对不受人类活动影响的栖息地之一。在栖息于北大西洋中深海区的众多物种中,冰川灯笼鱼(Benthosema glaciale)数量最多,分布最广。尽管对其种群遗传结构知之甚少,但该物种一直被视为专门捕捞的潜在目标。在此,我们利用 121 个 SNPs 调查了其横跨北大西洋和地中海的遗传结构,结果显示,地中海、大洋样本和挪威峡湾这三个主要群体之间存在强烈分化。地中海样本的遗传变异不到其余样本的一半。在北大西洋不同地理位置的大洋样本中,检测到的遗传结构非常弱或几乎没有,这与该物种的低运动性形成了鲜明对比。与此相反,在地中海观察到了纵向分化梯度,众所周知,地中海的遗传连通性受洋流模式和海洋学不连续性等海洋学过程的影响很大。此外,其中 12 个 SNPs 处于连锁不平衡状态,通过主成分分析双图谱可发现其形成了三个聚类模式,与通常与染色体大重排(如倒位)相关的遗传特征相吻合。这种假定倒位的排列方式显示了公海与峡湾和地中海等更封闭水体之间的频率差异,因为在峡湾样本中,这种排列方式在后者中是固定的,是第二种最常见的排列方式。然而,遗传分化是由当地适应、二次接触还是由这两种因素共同驱动的,目前仍未确定。本研究的主要发现是,北大西洋-地中海的冰川银鱼分为三个主要遗传单元,这些信息应与人口统计特性相结合,以便在最终尝试捕捞之前对该物种进行管理。
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来源期刊
Evolutionary Applications
Evolutionary Applications 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
7.30%
发文量
175
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Evolutionary Applications is a fully peer reviewed open access journal. It publishes papers that utilize concepts from evolutionary biology to address biological questions of health, social and economic relevance. Papers are expected to employ evolutionary concepts or methods to make contributions to areas such as (but not limited to): medicine, agriculture, forestry, exploitation and management (fisheries and wildlife), aquaculture, conservation biology, environmental sciences (including climate change and invasion biology), microbiology, and toxicology. All taxonomic groups are covered from microbes, fungi, plants and animals. In order to better serve the community, we also now strongly encourage submissions of papers making use of modern molecular and genetic methods (population and functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenetics, quantitative genetics, association and linkage mapping) to address important questions in any of these disciplines and in an applied evolutionary framework. Theoretical, empirical, synthesis or perspective papers are welcome.
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