Efficient Fully Textured Perovskite Silicon Tandems with Thermally Evaporated Hole Transporting Materials

IF 32.4 1区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Bhushan Kore, Oussama Er-raji, Oliver Fischer, Adrian Callies, Oliver Schultz-Wittmann, Patricia Samia Cerian Schulze, Martin Bivour, Stefaan De Wolf, Stefan W Glunz, Juliane Borchert
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Abstract

Fully textured perovskite silicon tandem solar cells effectively minimize the reflection losses and are compatible with industrial silicon production lines. To facilitate scalability and industrial deployment of perovskite silicon tandems all functional layers including perovskite need to be deposited with scalable techniques. Currently, self-assembling molecules (SAM), polymeric and low-molecular-weight organic semiconductors, are widely used as hole transport layers (HTLs) in p-i-n structured perovskite solar cells. Usually, SAMs are deposited via spin coating method, but use of this method could be challenging on large area textured silicon substrates, leading to inhomogeneous SAM layers and lossy HTL/perovskite interfaces. To address this issue, we have investigated thermal evaporation of SAMs (2PACz and Me-4PACz) and some other HTLs like TaTm and Spiro-TTB. We examined the effect of varying HTL thickness on the device performance and showed that the thickness of the thermally evaporated HTLs significantly affects the open circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF) of the solar cells. Furthermore, using ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and Suns-VOC measurements we correlate the changes observed in the VOC and FF with HTL thickness variations to the changes in the energy band positions (loss in the hole selectivity) and effective resistance losses, respectively. With the optimized HTL thickness we obtained ~30% efficiency on 1 cm2 area and ~26% on 4 cm2 area tandem devices.
采用热蒸发空穴传输材料的高效全纹理包晶硅串联系统
全纹理包晶硅串联太阳能电池能有效地将反射损耗降至最低,并与工业硅生产线兼容。为了促进包晶体硅串联太阳能电池的可扩展性和工业化应用,包括包晶体在内的所有功能层都需要采用可扩展技术进行沉积。目前,自组装分子(SAM)、高分子和低分子量有机半导体被广泛用作 pi-n 结构光致发光太阳能电池的空穴传输层(HTL)。通常,SAM 通过旋涂法沉积,但在大面积纹理硅衬底上使用这种方法具有挑战性,会导致不均匀的 SAM 层和有损耗的 HTL/过氧化物界面。为了解决这个问题,我们研究了 SAM(2PACz 和 Me-4PACz)和一些其他 HTL(如 TaTm 和 Spiro-TTB)的热蒸发。我们研究了不同 HTL 厚度对器件性能的影响,结果表明热蒸发 HTL 的厚度会显著影响太阳能电池的开路电压(VOC)和填充因子(FF)。此外,利用紫外光发射光谱和太阳-VOC 测量,我们将观察到的 VOC 和 FF 随 HTL 厚度变化而产生的变化分别与能带位置变化(空穴选择性损失)和有效电阻损耗相关联。通过优化 HTL 厚度,我们在 1 平方厘米面积的串联器件上获得了 ~30% 的效率,在 4 平方厘米面积的串联器件上获得了 ~26% 的效率。
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来源期刊
Energy & Environmental Science
Energy & Environmental Science 化学-工程:化工
CiteScore
50.50
自引率
2.20%
发文量
349
审稿时长
2.2 months
期刊介绍: Energy & Environmental Science, a peer-reviewed scientific journal, publishes original research and review articles covering interdisciplinary topics in the (bio)chemical and (bio)physical sciences, as well as chemical engineering disciplines. Published monthly by the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), a not-for-profit publisher, Energy & Environmental Science is recognized as a leading journal. It boasts an impressive impact factor of 8.500 as of 2009, ranking 8th among 140 journals in the category "Chemistry, Multidisciplinary," second among 71 journals in "Energy & Fuels," second among 128 journals in "Engineering, Chemical," and first among 181 scientific journals in "Environmental Sciences." Energy & Environmental Science publishes various types of articles, including Research Papers (original scientific work), Review Articles, Perspectives, and Minireviews (feature review-type articles of broad interest), Communications (original scientific work of an urgent nature), Opinions (personal, often speculative viewpoints or hypotheses on current topics), and Analysis Articles (in-depth examination of energy-related issues).
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