Bhushan Kore, Oussama Er-raji, Oliver Fischer, Adrian Callies, Oliver Schultz-Wittmann, Patricia Samia Cerian Schulze, Martin Bivour, Stefaan De Wolf, Stefan W Glunz, Juliane Borchert
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Fully textured perovskite silicon tandem solar cells effectively minimize the reflection losses and are compatible with industrial silicon production lines. To facilitate scalability and industrial deployment of perovskite silicon tandems all functional layers including perovskite need to be deposited with scalable techniques. Currently, self-assembling molecules (SAM), polymeric and low-molecular-weight organic semiconductors, are widely used as hole transport layers (HTLs) in p-i-n structured perovskite solar cells. Usually, SAMs are deposited via spin coating method, but use of this method could be challenging on large area textured silicon substrates, leading to inhomogeneous SAM layers and lossy HTL/perovskite interfaces. To address this issue, we have investigated thermal evaporation of SAMs (2PACz and Me-4PACz) and some other HTLs like TaTm and Spiro-TTB. We examined the effect of varying HTL thickness on the device performance and showed that the thickness of the thermally evaporated HTLs significantly affects the open circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF) of the solar cells. Furthermore, using ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and Suns-VOC measurements we correlate the changes observed in the VOC and FF with HTL thickness variations to the changes in the energy band positions (loss in the hole selectivity) and effective resistance losses, respectively. With the optimized HTL thickness we obtained ~30% efficiency on 1 cm2 area and ~26% on 4 cm2 area tandem devices.
期刊介绍:
Energy & Environmental Science, a peer-reviewed scientific journal, publishes original research and review articles covering interdisciplinary topics in the (bio)chemical and (bio)physical sciences, as well as chemical engineering disciplines. Published monthly by the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), a not-for-profit publisher, Energy & Environmental Science is recognized as a leading journal. It boasts an impressive impact factor of 8.500 as of 2009, ranking 8th among 140 journals in the category "Chemistry, Multidisciplinary," second among 71 journals in "Energy & Fuels," second among 128 journals in "Engineering, Chemical," and first among 181 scientific journals in "Environmental Sciences."
Energy & Environmental Science publishes various types of articles, including Research Papers (original scientific work), Review Articles, Perspectives, and Minireviews (feature review-type articles of broad interest), Communications (original scientific work of an urgent nature), Opinions (personal, often speculative viewpoints or hypotheses on current topics), and Analysis Articles (in-depth examination of energy-related issues).