Plasticity and environment-specific relationships between gene expression and fitness in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

IF 13.9 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY
Mohammad A. Siddiq, Fabien Duveau, Patricia J. Wittkopp
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Abstract

The environment influences how an organism’s genotype determines its phenotype and how this phenotype affects its fitness. Here, to better understand this dual role of environment in the production and selection of phenotypic variation, we determined genotype–phenotype–fitness relationships for mutant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in four environments. Specifically, we measured how promoter mutations of the metabolic gene TDH3 modified expression level and affected growth for four different carbon sources. In each environment, we observed a clear relationship between TDH3 expression level and fitness, but this relationship differed among environments. Mutations with similar effects on expression in different environments often had different effects on fitness and vice versa. Such environment-specific relationships between phenotype and fitness can shape the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. We also found that mutations disrupting binding sites for transcription factors had more variable effects on expression among environments than those disrupting the TATA box, which is part of the core promoter. However, mutations with the most environmentally variable effects on fitness were located in the TATA box, because of both the lack of plasticity of TATA box mutations and environment-specific fitness functions. This observation suggests that mutations affecting different molecular mechanisms contribute unequally to regulatory sequence evolution in changing environments. Measuring how mutations in the promoter of a metabolic gene modified its expression level and affected growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in four environments, the authors show that the effects of mutations on gene expression and the relationships between expression levels and fitness vary among environments.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

酿酒酵母基因表达与适应性之间的可塑性和环境特异性关系
环境既影响生物的基因型如何决定其表型,也影响表型如何影响其适应性。在这里,为了更好地理解环境在表型变异的产生和选择中的双重作用,我们测定了四种环境下酵母菌突变株的基因型-表型-适合度关系。具体来说,我们测定了代谢基因 TDH3 的启动子突变如何改变表达水平并影响四种不同碳源的生长。在每种环境中,我们都观察到了 TDH3 表达水平与适应性之间的明显关系,但这种关系在不同环境中有所不同。在不同环境中对表达有类似影响的突变往往对适应性有不同的影响,反之亦然。表型与适应性之间的这种环境特异性关系可能会影响表型可塑性的进化。我们还发现,破坏转录因子结合位点的突变在不同环境下对表达的影响比破坏核心启动子 TATA 盒的突变更不相同。然而,由于 TATA 盒突变缺乏可塑性和特定环境的适应性功能,对适应性的环境变化影响最大的突变位于 TATA 盒。这一观察结果表明,在不断变化的环境中,影响不同分子机制的突变对调控序列进化的贡献并不相同。
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来源期刊
Nature ecology & evolution
Nature ecology & evolution Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
CiteScore
22.20
自引率
2.40%
发文量
282
期刊介绍: Nature Ecology & Evolution is interested in the full spectrum of ecological and evolutionary biology, encompassing approaches at the molecular, organismal, population, community and ecosystem levels, as well as relevant parts of the social sciences. Nature Ecology & Evolution provides a place where all researchers and policymakers interested in all aspects of life's diversity can come together to learn about the most accomplished and significant advances in the field and to discuss topical issues. An online-only monthly journal, our broad scope ensures that the research published reaches the widest possible audience of scientists.
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