Investigation on sulfonated PVC/polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) polymer blends as proton-conducting membrane

IF 3.1 3区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI:10.1007/s00289-024-05487-4

Ahmed F. Elerian, AbdAllah A. Mohamed, Elsayed M. Elnaggar, Gamal Abdel-Naeem, M. A. Abu-Saied

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The design and development of cost-effective and increased methanol permeable and proton-conductive membranes are critical concerns in the fabrication of polymeric electrolyte membranes (PEM). A solution-casting process was used to create a low-cost PEM based on sulfonated polyvinyl chloride (SPVC)-Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) blended with varying concentrations of Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS). The contact angle, oxidative stability, swelling ratio, water uptake, and methanol uptake of SPVC/PMMA/PSS membranes were investigated as a function of PSS molar ratio. FT-IR examination, ¹H NMR spectra, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscope micrographs were additionally utilized for confirming the chemical structure, morphology, and thermal stability of SPVC/PMMA/PSS membranes. Furthermore, the ion exchange capacity (IEC), proton conductivity, and methanol permeability of SPVC/PMMA/PSS membranes were investigated depending on the PSS concentration. The results showed a significant increase in proton conductivity from 1.80 × 10^–2 for SPVC/PMMA/1%PSS to 4.7 × 10^–2 S/cm for SPVC/PMMA/5%PSS at ambient temperature. On the other hand, the methanol permeability (P = 8.53 × 10^–8 cm²/s) was noticeably lower than that of Nafion 117 (3.39 × 10^–6 cm²/s). Additionally, the IEC of the manufactured membrane was 1.38 ± 0.7 meq g⁻¹ for SPVC/PMMA/5%PSS compared to 0.91 meq g⁻¹ for Nafion 117 membranes. The maximum water uptake of the synthesized membranes was 48.37 ± 2.27%, whereas Nafion 117 membrane absorption was 65.44%. According to conductivity studies and the membrane efficiency factor, the ideal PSS content in a polymer matrix is 4 wt.%. Finally, the developed SPVC/PMMA/PSS polyelectrolytic membranes show improvements in essential properties such as methanol permeability, proton conductivity, and IEC when combined with low-cost materials, making them an attractive contender as PEM for DMFCs.

Graphical abstract

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磺化聚氯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）/聚苯乙烯磺酸盐（PSS）聚合物混合物作为质子传导膜的研究

设计和开发具有成本效益且可提高甲醇渗透性和质子传导性的膜是制造聚合物电解质膜（PEM）的关键问题。我们采用溶液浇铸工艺制造了一种基于磺化聚氯乙烯（SPVC）-甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）与不同浓度的聚（4-苯乙烯磺酸钠）（PSS）混合的低成本 PEM。研究了 SPVC/PMMA/PSS 膜的接触角、氧化稳定性、膨胀率、吸水率和甲醇吸收率与 PSS 摩尔比的函数关系。此外，还利用傅立叶变换红外光谱、1H NMR 光谱、拉曼光谱、X 射线衍射、热重分析 (TGA) 和扫描电子显微镜显微照片确认了 SPVC/PMMA/PSS 膜的化学结构、形态和热稳定性。此外，还研究了 SPVC/PMMA/PSS 膜的离子交换容量（IEC）、质子传导性和甲醇渗透性随 PSS 浓度的变化。结果表明，在环境温度下，质子传导率从 SPVC/PMMA/1%PSS 的 1.80 × 10-2 显著增加到 SPVC/PMMA/5%PSS 的 4.7 × 10-2 S/cm。另一方面，甲醇渗透率（P = 8.53 × 10-8 cm2/s）明显低于 Nafion 117（3.39 × 10-6 cm2/s）。此外，与 Nafion 117 膜的 0.91 meq g-1 相比，SPVC/PMMA/5%PSS 制造膜的 IEC 为 1.38 ± 0.7 meq g-1。合成膜的最大吸水率为 48.37 ± 2.27%，而 Nafion 117 膜的吸水率为 65.44%。根据电导率研究和膜效率系数，聚合物基质中理想的 PSS 含量为 4 wt.%。最后，所开发的 SPVC/PMMA/PSS 聚电解膜在与低成本材料结合使用时，在甲醇渗透性、质子传导性和 IEC 等基本特性方面都有所改进，使其成为 DMFC 的 PEM 有吸引力的竞争者。

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来源期刊

Polymer Bulletin 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

6.00

自引率

6.20%

发文量

审稿时长

5.5 months

期刊介绍： "Polymer Bulletin" is a comprehensive academic journal on polymer science founded in 1988. It was founded under the initiative of the late Mr. Wang Baoren, a famous Chinese chemist and educator. This journal is co-sponsored by the Chinese Chemical Society, the Institute of Chemistry, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences and is supervised by the China Association for Science and Technology. It is a core journal and is publicly distributed at home and abroad. "Polymer Bulletin" is a monthly magazine with multiple columns, including a project application guide, outlook, review, research papers, highlight reviews, polymer education and teaching, information sharing, interviews, polymer science popularization, etc. The journal is included in the CSCD Chinese Science Citation Database. It serves as the source journal for Chinese scientific and technological paper statistics and the source journal of Peking University's "Overview of Chinese Core Journals."