Low feed intake at weaning reduces intestinal glutathione levels and promotes cysteine oxidation to taurine in pigs

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of animal science Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI:10.1093/jas/skae348

Alexandra M Gachman, Alex C Outlaw, Brooke Newell, Julia Bartosh, Marko Rudar

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Weaning stress in pigs is associated with low feed intake and poor nutrient utilization. Cysteine is a sulfur amino acid with key roles in pig production, but how cysteine metabolism and requirements are affected by weaning stress should be better defined. The objective of this study was to determine the collective impact of weaning and feed restriction on tissue cysteine metabolism. Pigs were weaned at 21-d age without access to feed (W; 6.90 ± 0.81 kg; n = 9; reflecting acute nutritional stress) or were not weaned and remained with the sow (NW; 6.81 ± 0.65 kg; n = 8). At euthanasia (23-d age), blood, bile, and liver, jejunum, and ileum tissues were collected. Plasma, bile, and tissue amino acid and amino thiol concentrations were analyzed by HPLC. Activity of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) and glutathione synthetase (GSS), enzymes needed for glutathione (GSH) production, and cysteine dioxygenase 1 (CDO1) were determined with activity assays followed by HPLC analysis of reaction products. Plasma (271 versus 192 ± 19 µmol/L; P < 0.001) and liver (417 versus 298 ± 33 nmol/g; P < 0.05) Cys concentrations were increased in W compared to NW pigs. Despite greater plasma Cys, jejunum and ileum Cys content were not affected by weaning (P > 0.10), whereas γ-glutamylcysteine (γ-GlyCys), the immediate precursor of GSH, declined in both jejunum (14.3 versus 9.7 ± 1.4 nmol/g; P < 0.01) and ileum (11.2 versus 6.4 ± 0.8 nmol/g; P < 0.001) in W pigs. Glutathione content was lower in the jejunum (1379 versus 1720 ± 70 nmol/g; P < 0.05) and ileum (1497 versus 1740 ± 74 nmol/g; P < 0.05) in W pigs. In the jejunum, GCL activity tended to be greater (0.56 versus 0.39 ± 0.07 nmol γ-GluCys • mg-1 • min-1; P < 0.10), whereas GSS activity tended to be lower (1.11 versus 1.38 ± 0.10 nmol GSH • mg-1 • min-1; P < 0.10) in W compared to NW pigs. In the ileum, the activities of GCL and GSS were not affected by weaning (P > 0.10). Although liver CDO1 activity was not different between groups (P < 0.10), liver taurine was greater in W compared to NW pigs (5115 versus 2336 ± 912 nmol/g; P = 0.001). Bile concentrations of Cys (1203 versus 279 ± 103 µmol/L; P < 0.001) and cysteinylglycine (203 versus 117 ± 33 µmol/L; P < 0.10), the direct product of GSH degradation, were greater in W compared to NW pigs. Collectively, these results suggest that systemic Cys is not effectively utilized for gut GSH production in newly weaned pigs and is instead oxidized to taurine and eliminated in bile.

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断奶时采食量低会降低猪的肠道谷胱甘肽水平，并促进半胱氨酸氧化为牛磺酸

猪的断奶应激与采食量低和营养利用率低有关。半胱氨酸是一种硫氨基酸，在猪的生产中起着关键作用，但半胱氨酸的代谢和需要量如何受到断奶应激的影响还需要进一步明确。本研究旨在确定断奶和限饲对组织半胱氨酸代谢的共同影响。猪在 21 日龄时断奶，不喂饲料（W；6.90 ± 0.81 kg；n = 9；反映急性营养应激）或不断奶，继续与母猪在一起（NW；6.81 ± 0.65 kg；n = 8）。安乐死时（23 日龄），收集血液、胆汁、肝脏、空肠和回肠组织。采用高效液相色谱法分析血浆、胆汁和组织中氨基酸和氨基硫醇的浓度。谷氨酸半胱氨酸连接酶（GCL）和谷胱甘肽合成酶（GSS）（产生谷胱甘肽（GSH）所需的酶）以及半胱氨酸二氧酶 1（CDO1）的活性是通过活性测定确定的，然后对反应产物进行 HPLC 分析。与西北猪相比，W 型猪的血浆（271 对 192 ± 19 µmol/L；P < 0.001）和肝脏（417 对 298 ± 33 nmol/g；P < 0.05）Cys 浓度均有所增加。尽管血浆 Cys 含量增加，但断奶对空肠和回肠 Cys 含量没有影响（P> 0.10），而 GSH 的直接前体 γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸（γ-GlyCys）在空肠和回肠中的含量均下降（14.3 对 9.7 ± 1.4 nmol/g；Pamp &;lt;0.01）和回肠（11.2 对 6.4 ± 0.8 nmol/g；Pamp &;lt;0.001）中的谷胱甘肽含量都有所下降。W 型猪空肠（1379 对 1720 ± 70 nmol/g；Pamp &;lt; 0.05）和回肠（1497 对 1740 ± 74 nmol/g；Pamp &;lt; 0.05）中的谷胱甘肽含量较低。在空肠中，W 型猪的 GCL 活性往往高于 NW 型猪（0.56 对 0.39 ± 0.07 nmol γ-GluCys - mg-1 - min-1; P < 0.10），而 GSS 活性往往低于 W 型猪（1.11 对 1.38 ± 0.10 nmol GSH - mg-1 - min-1; P < 0.10）。在回肠中，GCL 和 GSS 的活性不受断奶的影响（P &;gt;0.10）。虽然肝脏 CDO1 活性在不同组间没有差异（P < 0.10），但与西北猪相比，断奶猪的肝脏牛磺酸含量更高（5115 对 2336 ± 912 nmol/g；P = 0.001）。与西北猪相比，W 型猪胆汁中的 Cys（1203 对 279 ± 103 µmol/L；P < 0.001）和半胱氨酸（203 对 117 ± 33 µmol/L；P < 0.10）（GSH 降解的直接产物）浓度更高。总之，这些结果表明，刚断奶的猪体内的 Cys 不能有效地用于肠道 GSH 的产生，而是被氧化成牛磺酸并随胆汁排出体外。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of animal science 农林科学-奶制品与动物科学

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

12.10%

发文量

1589

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Animal Science (JAS) is the premier journal for animal science and serves as the leading source of new knowledge and perspective in this area. JAS publishes more than 500 fully reviewed research articles, invited reviews, technical notes, and letters to the editor each year. Articles published in JAS encompass a broad range of research topics in animal production and fundamental aspects of genetics, nutrition, physiology, and preparation and utilization of animal products. Articles typically report research with beef cattle, companion animals, goats, horses, pigs, and sheep; however, studies involving other farm animals, aquatic and wildlife species, and laboratory animal species that address fundamental questions related to livestock and companion animal biology will be considered for publication.