Dietary glycine supplementation enhances creatine availability in tissues of pigs with intrauterine growth restriction

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of animal science Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI:10.1093/jas/skae344

Erin A Posey, Wenliang He, Chandler C Steele, Jeffrey W Savell, Fuller W Bazer, Guoyao Wu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with glycine (Gly) enhances the synthesis and availability of creatine (Cr) in tissues of pigs with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). At weaning (21 d of age), IUGR pigs and litter mates with normal birth weights (NBW) were assigned randomly to one of two groups, namely, supplementation with 1% Gly or 1.19% L-alanine (isonitrogenous control) to a corn- and soybean meal-based diet. Blood, kidneys, liver, pancreas, jejunum, longissimus lumborum muscle (LLM), and gastrocnemius muscle (GM) were obtained from the pigs within 1 wk after the feeding trial ended at 188 d of age to determine concentrations of guanidinoacetate (GAA), Cr, creatinine, and phosphocreatine (CrP). The organs were also analyzed for activities and mRNA levels for Cr-synthetic enzymes: L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT; forming GAA from Gly and L-arginine) and guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT; converting GAA and L-methionine into Cr). AGAT activity was present in the kidneys, liver, and pancreas, whereas GAMT activity was found in all the organs analyzed. AGAT and GAMT were most active per g of tissue in the kidneys and liver, respectively. Based on tissue mass, the kidneys had the greatest (P < 0.001) AGAT activity per whole organ, followed by the liver, while skeletal muscle had the greatest (P < 0.001) GAMT activity per whole organ, followed by the liver. Thus, the kidneys played a dominant role in forming GAA, whereas skeletal muscle and liver were the major sites for converting GAA into Cr. Dietary supplementation with 1% Gly enhanced AGAT activity in the kidneys and pancreas but reduced GAMT activity in the pancreas and small intestine, therefore directing GAA to the liver and skeletal muscle for Cr production. IUGR selectively reduced the concentration of Cr in LLM among all the organs studied. Except for the GM that had greater mRNA levels for GAMT in IUGR pigs, neither Gly nor IUGR affected mRNA levels for the selected genes in the tissues examined. Collectively, these novel results indicate that dietary Gly intake upregulates the Cr-synthetic pathway in swine.

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膳食中补充甘氨酸可提高宫内生长受限猪组织中肌酸的利用率

本研究对以下假设进行了测试：日粮中补充甘氨酸（Gly）可促进宫内生长受限（IUGR）猪组织中肌酸（Cr）的合成和利用。断奶时（21 日龄），IUGR 猪和出生体重（NBW）正常的同窝猪被随机分配到两组中的一组，即在以玉米和豆粕为基础的日粮中添加 1% Gly 或 1.19% L-丙氨酸（等氮对照组）。在猪龄为 188 d 的饲喂试验结束后 1 周内采集猪的血液、肾脏、肝脏、胰腺、空肠、腰长肌 (LLM) 和腓肠肌 (GM)，以测定胍基乙酸盐 (GAA)、铬、肌酐和磷酸肌酸 (CrP) 的浓度。此外，还分析了器官中 Cr 合成酶的活性和 mRNA 水平：L-精氨酸：甘氨酸脒基转移酶（AGAT；由甘氨酸和 L-精氨酸形成 GAA）和鸟苷酸乙酸 N-甲基转移酶（GAMT；将 GAA 和 L-蛋氨酸转化为 Cr）。AGAT 活性存在于肾脏、肝脏和胰腺中，而 GAMT 活性存在于所有分析器官中。肾脏和肝脏中每克组织的 AGAT 和 GAMT 活性分别最高。根据组织质量，肾脏的 AGAT 活性最高（P&P;lt; 0.001），其次是肝脏，而骨骼肌的 GAMT 活性最高（P&P;lt; 0.001），其次是肝脏。因此，肾脏在形成 GAA 方面起主导作用，而骨骼肌和肝脏则是将 GAA 转化为 Cr 的主要场所。膳食中补充 1%的 Gly 会增强肾脏和胰腺中 AGAT 的活性，但会降低胰腺和小肠中 GAMT 的活性，因此会将 GAA 引向肝脏和骨骼肌以生成 Cr。在研究的所有器官中，IUGR 选择性地降低了 LLM 中的铬浓度。除了在 IUGR 猪的 GM 中 GAMT 的 mRNA 水平较高外，Gly 和 IUGR 都不会影响所研究组织中选定基因的 mRNA 水平。总之，这些新结果表明，日粮中摄入的甘氨酸会上调猪体内的铬合成途径。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of animal science 农林科学-奶制品与动物科学

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

12.10%

发文量

1589

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Animal Science (JAS) is the premier journal for animal science and serves as the leading source of new knowledge and perspective in this area. JAS publishes more than 500 fully reviewed research articles, invited reviews, technical notes, and letters to the editor each year. Articles published in JAS encompass a broad range of research topics in animal production and fundamental aspects of genetics, nutrition, physiology, and preparation and utilization of animal products. Articles typically report research with beef cattle, companion animals, goats, horses, pigs, and sheep; however, studies involving other farm animals, aquatic and wildlife species, and laboratory animal species that address fundamental questions related to livestock and companion animal biology will be considered for publication.