No relationship between outputs of simple humus balance calculators (VDLUFA and STAND) and soil organic carbon trends

IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE
Shauna-kay Rainford, Jens Leifeld, Sonja Siegl, Steffen Hagenbucher, Judith Riedel, Thomas Gross, Urs Niggli, Sonja G. Keel
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Abstract

Simple humus balance calculators were developed for farmers and consultants to determine the best crop rotation and amount of organic fertilizer required to improve soil quality and prevent nutrient leaching in croplands. Although the potential of these tools to infer the impact of different agricultural practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in croplands is not well studied, they have been integrated in several farm-level climate or environmental impact assessment calculators. Here we examine the correlation between humus balance values estimated with two different tools developed in Germany/Central Europe and observed changes in SOC content at 14 long-term sites in Switzerland. The first tool was developed by the Association of German Agricultural Investigation and Research Institutes and is referred to as the VDLUFA. The humus balance calculator STAND is a descendent of the VDLUFA that accounts for pedoclimatic factors in Central Europe. Crop rotations were distinguished based on cultivation practice, whereby those with mixed fertilization were supplied with mineral fertilizer alone and in combination with organic materials, while those with organic fertilization include unfertilized and organic fertilizer treatments. An analysis of 133 short-term observations (i.e. individual crop rotations of five and 6-year duration) and 26 long-term observations (i.e. several crop rotations with a total duration of ≥10 years) showed that humus balance values (kg C ha−1 year−1) of short-term crop rotations were not or only poorly correlated with the observed change in SOC content (%) (R2 = 0.06 in STAND and R2 = 0.05 in VDLUFA for crop rotations with organic fertilization, and R2 < 0.01 for crop rotations with mixed fertilization). The correlation did not improve when the humus balance values of long-term observations with mixed fertilization were compared with decadal SOC development (R2 = 0.04 for STAND and R2 = 0.06 for the VDLUFA). Stronger correlations were found only for long-term observations with organic fertilization (R2 = 0.68 for STAND and R2 = 0.64 for the VDLUFA). These findings underline that while the studied humus balance calculators are able to distinguish the effect of different fertilizers (organic vs. mineral) on a farm's humus supply on the longer term, neither are suited for predicting SOC trends over single crop rotations. Although this study was carried out in Switzerland, the results should apply to any region with temperate climate and similar soil properties.

Abstract Image

简单腐殖质平衡计算器(VDLUFA 和 STAND)的输出结果与土壤有机碳趋势之间没有关系
为农民和顾问开发了简单的腐殖质平衡计算器,以确定最佳轮作方式和所需有机肥的用量,从而改善土壤质量,防止农田养分流失。虽然这些工具在推断不同农业实践对耕地土壤有机碳(SOC)动态影响方面的潜力还没有得到很好的研究,但它们已被集成到几个农场级气候或环境影响评估计算器中。在此,我们研究了德国/中欧开发的两种不同工具估算的腐殖质平衡值与瑞士 14 个长期观测点观测到的 SOC 含量变化之间的相关性。第一种工具由德国农业调查和研究所协会开发,被称为 VDLUFA。腐殖质平衡计算器 STAND 是 VDLUFA 的后继工具,考虑了中欧的气候因素。根据耕作方式对轮作进行了区分,其中混合施肥的轮作单独使用矿物肥料或与有机肥料结合使用,而有机施肥的轮作则包括未施肥和有机肥料处理。对 133 个短期观测数据(即为期 5 年和 6 年的单个作物轮作)和 26 个长期观测数据(即多个作物轮作,总计为期 5 年和 6 年)进行了分析。分析表明,短期轮作的腐殖质平衡值(千克碳公顷-1 年-1)与观测到的 SOC 含量变化(%)没有相关性或相关性很低(施用有机肥的轮作在 STAND 中的 R2 = 0.06,在 VDLUFA 中的 R2 = 0.05;施用混合肥的轮作的 R2 < 0.01)。如果将混合施肥长期观测的腐殖质平衡值与十年 SOC 变化情况进行比较,相关性并没有改善(STAND 的 R2 = 0.04,VDLUFA 的 R2 = 0.06)。只有施用有机肥的长期观测结果才具有更强的相关性(STAND 的 R2 = 0.68,VDLUFA 的 R2 = 0.64)。这些发现强调,虽然所研究的腐殖质平衡计算器能够区分不同肥料(有机肥与矿物质肥)对农场腐殖质供应的长期影响,但都不适合预测单一作物轮作的 SOC 趋势。虽然这项研究是在瑞士进行的,但其结果应适用于任何具有温带气候和类似土壤特性的地区。
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来源期刊
European Journal of Soil Science
European Journal of Soil Science 农林科学-土壤科学
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
4.80%
发文量
117
审稿时长
5 months
期刊介绍: The EJSS is an international journal that publishes outstanding papers in soil science that advance the theoretical and mechanistic understanding of physical, chemical and biological processes and their interactions in soils acting from molecular to continental scales in natural and managed environments.
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