Wnt 3a-Modified Scaffolds Improve Nerve Regeneration by Boosting Schwann Cell Function

Abstract

A pivotal approach in engineering artificial peripheral nerve sheaths encompasses the augmentation of the regenerative microenvironment via the manipulation of Schwann cells (SCs). Our investigation employed single-cell sequencing analysis to elucidate the potential functions of Schwann cells and the Wnt pathway in facilitating peripheral nerve regeneration. In vitro studies showed that activating the Wnt signaling pathway promotes the transition to repair SCs, boosting their growth, movement, and immune functions. To better understand the peripheral nerve regeneration environment, we created a polymer scaffold using ammonization and electrospinning. The Wnt3a protein was incorporated into the polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun fiber surface. In a rat sciatic nerve defect model, the Wnt3a-modified scaffold showed better nerve repair outcomes than traditional electrospun scaffolds. After a week, the test group showed better immune regulation and angiogenesis, with a significant increase in axon growth rate observed after 3 weeks. Three-month-long animal experiments revealed notable improvements in neuroelectrophysiology, reduced organ atrophy, and enhanced sciatic nerve recovery. In this nerve defect model, Wnt3a-modified neural scaffolds achieved repair effects.