Pomegranate peel-derived activated carbon: An effective adsorbent for protocatechuic acid removal and environmental remediation

IF 3 4区工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Adsorption Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI:10.1007/s10450-024-00550-y

Shivali Singh Gaharwar, Adrija Majumdar, Anupama Kumar

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Abstract

This study investigated the potential of utilizing pomegranate peel (PP) waste for producing activated carbon (PPBAC) aimed at removing phenolic contaminants, specifically protocatechuic acid (PCA), from wastewater, and recovery from potato peel extract. The PPBAC was prepared through chemical activation with phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) followed by thermal treatment at 350℃. Comprehensive characterization of the PPBAC was performed using FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, BET surface area analysis, FESEM analysis. Key operational factors, including dosage, concentration, contact time, and pH, were systematically optimized to improve adsorption efficiency, achieving a value of 18.89 mg/g within 30 min. The adsorption process was well described by the Freundlich isotherm model and followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Additionally, DFT computations highlighted the reactivity of PCA in its neutral and protonated forms, which correlated with the observed effective adsorption performance. This research underscores the feasibility of converting agricultural waste into a valuable adsorbent for waste water treatment.

Graphical abstract

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石榴皮活性炭：去除原儿茶酸和修复环境的有效吸附剂

本研究调查了利用石榴皮（PP）废料生产活性炭（PPBAC）的潜力，旨在去除废水中的酚类污染物，特别是原儿茶酸（PCA），并从马铃薯皮提取物中进行回收。PPBAC 是用磷酸（H3PO4）进行化学活化，然后在 350℃下进行热处理制备而成的。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱、拉曼光谱、X 射线衍射、BET 表面积分析和 FESEM 分析对 PPBAC 进行了综合表征。为了提高吸附效率，对包括用量、浓度、接触时间和 pH 值在内的关键操作因素进行了系统优化，在 30 分钟内达到了 18.89 mg/g。Freundlich 等温线模型很好地描述了吸附过程，并遵循伪二阶动力学。此外，DFT 计算强调了 PCA 在中性和质子化形式下的反应活性，这与观察到的有效吸附性能相关。这项研究强调了将农业废弃物转化为有价值的废水处理吸附剂的可行性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Adsorption 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

3.00%

发文量

审稿时长

2.4 months

期刊介绍： The journal Adsorption provides authoritative information on adsorption and allied fields to scientists, engineers, and technologists throughout the world. The information takes the form of peer-reviewed articles, R&D notes, topical review papers, tutorial papers, book reviews, meeting announcements, and news. Coverage includes fundamental and practical aspects of adsorption: mathematics, thermodynamics, chemistry, and physics, as well as processes, applications, models engineering, and equipment design. Among the topics are Adsorbents: new materials, new synthesis techniques, characterization of structure and properties, and applications; Equilibria: novel theories or semi-empirical models, experimental data, and new measurement methods; Kinetics: new models, experimental data, and measurement methods. Processes: chemical, biochemical, environmental, and other applications, purification or bulk separation, fixed bed or moving bed systems, simulations, experiments, and design procedures.