Thermal Stability of the Dot-in-Well Gain Medium for Photonic Crystal Surface Emitting Lasers

IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC
Subhashree Seth;Kevin J. Reilly;Fatih F. Ince;Akhil Kalapala;Chhabindra Gautam;Thomas J. Rotter;Alexander Neumann;Sadhvikas Addamane;Bradley Thompson;Ricky Gibson;Weidong Zhou;Ganesh Balakrishnan
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Abstract

Self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) embedded in InGaAs quantum wells (QWs) are used as active regions for photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs). An epitaxial regrowth method is developed to fabricate the dot-in-well (DWELL) PCSELs. The epitaxial regrowth starts with the growth of a partial laser structure containing bottom cladding, waveguide, active region, and the photonic crystal (PC) layer. The PC layer is patterned to realize the cavity. Subsequently a top cladding layer is regrown to complete the laser structure. During the regrowth of the top cladding layer, the partial laser structure is subjected to high growth temperatures in excess of 600 °C resulting in an unintentional annealing of the active region. This annealing of the active region can alter the QDs by changing their size resulting in a blue shift in photoluminescence (PL) and narrowing PL emission. This effect results in the misaligning of the gain peak and the cavity resonance, resulting in sub-optimal lasing performance. DWELL active regions are known to have better thermal stability compared to both QDs and QWs and could be an ideal candidate for regrown PCSELs. We successfully demonstrate an optically-pumped epitaxially-regrown DWELL PCSEL with an emission wavelength of 1230 nm operating at room temperature. Furthermore, the DWELL active region shows excellent emission wavelength stability and intensity despite the high temperature regrowth process.
用于光子晶体表面发射激光器的阱内点增益介质的热稳定性
嵌入 InGaAs 量子阱 (QW) 的自组装量子点 (QD) 被用作光子晶体表面发射激光器 (PCSEL) 的有源区。本研究开发了一种外延再生长方法来制造 "点中阱"(DWELL)PCSEL。外延再生长首先生长的是包含底部包层、波导、有源区和光子晶体(PC)层的部分激光结构。PC 层通过图案化实现腔体。随后重新生长顶部包层,以完成激光结构。在顶部包层的重新生长过程中,部分激光结构受到超过 600 °C 的高温生长,导致有源区意外退火。有源区的退火会改变 QDs 的尺寸,导致光致发光(PL)蓝移和 PL 发射变窄。这种效应会导致增益峰和空腔共振错位,从而使激光性能达不到最佳水平。众所周知,与 QD 和 QW 相比,DWELL 有源区具有更好的热稳定性,可以成为再生 PCSEL 的理想候选材料。我们成功地展示了一种光泵浦外延生长的DWELL PCSEL,其发射波长为1230 nm,可在室温下工作。此外,尽管采用了高温再生长工艺,DWELL 有源区仍显示出出色的发射波长稳定性和强度。
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来源期刊
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 工程技术-工程:电子与电气
CiteScore
10.60
自引率
2.00%
发文量
212
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Papers published in the IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics fall within the broad field of science and technology of quantum electronics of a device, subsystem, or system-oriented nature. Each issue is devoted to a specific topic within this broad spectrum. Announcements of the topical areas planned for future issues, along with deadlines for receipt of manuscripts, are published in this Journal and in the IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. Generally, the scope of manuscripts appropriate to this Journal is the same as that for the IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. Manuscripts are published that report original theoretical and/or experimental research results that advance the scientific and technological base of quantum electronics devices, systems, or applications. The Journal is dedicated toward publishing research results that advance the state of the art or add to the understanding of the generation, amplification, modulation, detection, waveguiding, or propagation characteristics of coherent electromagnetic radiation having sub-millimeter and shorter wavelengths. In order to be suitable for publication in this Journal, the content of manuscripts concerned with subject-related research must have a potential impact on advancing the technological base of quantum electronic devices, systems, and/or applications. Potential authors of subject-related research have the responsibility of pointing out this potential impact. System-oriented manuscripts must be concerned with systems that perform a function previously unavailable or that outperform previously established systems that did not use quantum electronic components or concepts. Tutorial and review papers are by invitation only.
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