Non-target screening analysis of hazardous noxious substances using gas chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Abstract

The forensic investigation of hazardous noxious substances (HNS) is paramount for an effective response to chemical spill emergencies and other accidents. Analyzing unknown emergency samples poses a challenge due to the limited availability of background information, making the selection of appropriate sample preparation and analytical methodologies difficult. The utilization of high-resolution mass spectrometers (HRMS) in screening both target and non-target substances proves instrumental in revealing hazardous substances that may be overlooked alongside the intended analytes. In this study, a gas chromatography-quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometer (GC-QTOF-MS) was employed to identify numerous organic compounds in an indoor dust sample. The compounds detected encompassed normal alkanes, fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated), alcohols, phenols, sterols, drugs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, flame retardants (such as polybrominated biphenyl ethers, PBDEs), plasticizers (such as phthalates and phosphates), among others. Notably, concentrations of n-alkanes, fatty acids, and phthalates were relatively high, while PAHs and pesticides were present at trace levels. The application of GC-QTOF-MS provides a swift and confirmative approach for analyzing target, suspect, and non-target compounds in both routine and emergency scenarios. This methodology proves invaluable in enhancing our capability to comprehensively assess and address chemical incidents, ensuring a more thorough and accurate response.