{"title":"Structural build-up of 3D printed earth by drying","authors":"Mahan Motamedi , Romain Mesnil , Anh-Minh Tang , Jean-Michel Pereira , Olivier Baverel","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104492","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the potential of earth materials in construction has emerged as a sustainable pathway, offering environmental benefits compared to traditional methods. When used in raw form, earth materials can be recycled at the end of a building life, reducing construction waste. In parallel, integrating additive manufacturing into the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) sector has brought about a shift in construction dynamics, combining efficiency with precision. This paper bridges the study of 3D printing with earth-based fresh mortars, emphasising the capabilities of the “Forced Layer Drying” (FLD) technique in the additive manufacturing process to increase the mechanical performance of the printing mortar.</div><div>This paper begins by defining the requisite rheological properties for successful 3D printing. A chosen material for this paper is Speswhite kaolin. An instrumental aspect of our research is exploring an established model for the drying rate of saturated porous media, such as earth and concrete, and its application to predict the evaporation rate of saturated earth-based mortar in 3D printing with forced drying conditions. The Wind Tunnel experiment was conducted to validate this model, examining the interplay of airflow speed and temperature on the evaporation rate. Further deepening this study, the soil water content and undrained shear strength are correlated, specifically based on models derived from oedometer geotechnical standard tests. This facilitated a comprehensive understanding of porous earth-based materials in various moisture scenarios. Our findings confirm that airflow, temperature, and the geometry of the printed object play instrumental roles in affecting evaporation rate, consequent mechanical performance, and structural build-up of the material. The paper wraps up by offering insights into the practical application of 3D printing using earth-based mortars, with a special focus on FLD technique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104492"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Additive manufacturing","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214860424005384","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
In recent years, the potential of earth materials in construction has emerged as a sustainable pathway, offering environmental benefits compared to traditional methods. When used in raw form, earth materials can be recycled at the end of a building life, reducing construction waste. In parallel, integrating additive manufacturing into the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) sector has brought about a shift in construction dynamics, combining efficiency with precision. This paper bridges the study of 3D printing with earth-based fresh mortars, emphasising the capabilities of the “Forced Layer Drying” (FLD) technique in the additive manufacturing process to increase the mechanical performance of the printing mortar.
This paper begins by defining the requisite rheological properties for successful 3D printing. A chosen material for this paper is Speswhite kaolin. An instrumental aspect of our research is exploring an established model for the drying rate of saturated porous media, such as earth and concrete, and its application to predict the evaporation rate of saturated earth-based mortar in 3D printing with forced drying conditions. The Wind Tunnel experiment was conducted to validate this model, examining the interplay of airflow speed and temperature on the evaporation rate. Further deepening this study, the soil water content and undrained shear strength are correlated, specifically based on models derived from oedometer geotechnical standard tests. This facilitated a comprehensive understanding of porous earth-based materials in various moisture scenarios. Our findings confirm that airflow, temperature, and the geometry of the printed object play instrumental roles in affecting evaporation rate, consequent mechanical performance, and structural build-up of the material. The paper wraps up by offering insights into the practical application of 3D printing using earth-based mortars, with a special focus on FLD technique.
期刊介绍:
Additive Manufacturing stands as a peer-reviewed journal dedicated to delivering high-quality research papers and reviews in the field of additive manufacturing, serving both academia and industry leaders. The journal's objective is to recognize the innovative essence of additive manufacturing and its diverse applications, providing a comprehensive overview of current developments and future prospects.
The transformative potential of additive manufacturing technologies in product design and manufacturing is poised to disrupt traditional approaches. In response to this paradigm shift, a distinctive and comprehensive publication outlet was essential. Additive Manufacturing fulfills this need, offering a platform for engineers, materials scientists, and practitioners across academia and various industries to document and share innovations in these evolving technologies.