Temporal variation in travel greenery across 86 cities in Europe

IF 6 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Robert Klein , Elias Willberg , Silviya Korpilo , Tuuli Toivonen
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Abstract

The positive impacts of urban greenery on human health and wellbeing are well documented in scholarly literature. The focus has mostly been on residential greenery or availability and access to recreational green spaces. The importance of greenery in travel environments has received much less attention. Furthermore, little consideration has been given to temporal dynamics, although research suggests that greenery benefits are not uniformly distributed over different seasons or daytimes. In this study, we aimed to fill these knowledge gaps by systematically assessing travel and residential greenery in 86 European cities. Moreover, we quantified the impact of seasonality and variation in daytime length by using an open data approach at the pan-European level. First, we compared travel and residential greenery using monthly NDVI composites derived from high-resolution Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. In addition, we explored the temporal dynamics of greenery and adjusted NDVI values accordingly. The results demonstrated that travel environments have significantly lower greenery levels than residential environments in European cities. Overall, we found a latitudinal gradient from low to high travel greenery in southern Europe compared to Nordic cities. The findings also indicated that accounting for temporal variations, especially in northeastern Europe, has significant impact on the measured availability of travel greenery. We conclude that travel environment greenery and temporal variations should not be overlooked in exposure studies because they can lead to a biased understanding of greenery availability and related spatial disparities. Our findings can therefore serve as a methodological and policy benchmark for greening goals in European cities.
欧洲 86 个城市旅游绿化的时间变化
城市绿化对人类健康和福祉的积极影响在学术文献中有大量记载。这些文献主要关注居住区绿化或休闲绿地的可用性和可及性。旅行环境中绿化的重要性受到的关注要少得多。此外,虽然研究表明绿化的益处在不同季节或白天的分布并不一致,但很少考虑时间动态。在这项研究中,我们系统地评估了欧洲 86 个城市的出行和居住绿化情况,旨在填补这些知识空白。此外,我们还在泛欧层面采用开放数据的方法,量化了季节性和白天长度变化的影响。首先,我们使用从高分辨率 "哨兵-2 "卫星图像中提取的月度归一化差异植被指数复合图,对旅行和居住区绿化进行了比较。此外,我们还探索了绿化的时间动态,并相应调整了 NDVI 值。结果表明,在欧洲城市中,旅行环境的绿化水平明显低于居住环境。总体而言,与北欧城市相比,我们发现欧洲南部的旅行绿化在纬度上呈现出由低到高的梯度。研究结果还表明,考虑时间变化,尤其是欧洲东北部的时间变化,会对旅行绿化的可用性测量结果产生重大影响。我们的结论是,暴露研究不应忽视旅行环境绿化和时间变化,因为它们会导致对绿化可用性和相关空间差异的理解出现偏差。因此,我们的研究结果可作为欧洲城市绿化目标的方法和政策基准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.70
自引率
12.50%
发文量
289
审稿时长
70 days
期刊介绍: Urban Forestry and Urban Greening is a refereed, international journal aimed at presenting high-quality research with urban and peri-urban woody and non-woody vegetation and its use, planning, design, establishment and management as its main topics. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening concentrates on all tree-dominated (as joint together in the urban forest) as well as other green resources in and around urban areas, such as woodlands, public and private urban parks and gardens, urban nature areas, street tree and square plantations, botanical gardens and cemeteries. The journal welcomes basic and applied research papers, as well as review papers and short communications. Contributions should focus on one or more of the following aspects: -Form and functions of urban forests and other vegetation, including aspects of urban ecology. -Policy-making, planning and design related to urban forests and other vegetation. -Selection and establishment of tree resources and other vegetation for urban environments. -Management of urban forests and other vegetation. Original contributions of a high academic standard are invited from a wide range of disciplines and fields, including forestry, biology, horticulture, arboriculture, landscape ecology, pathology, soil science, hydrology, landscape architecture, landscape planning, urban planning and design, economics, sociology, environmental psychology, public health, and education.
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