{"title":"Enterovirus Antibodies: Friends and Foes.","authors":"Chaldam Jespère Mbani, Corentin Morvan, Magloire Pandoua Nekoua, Cyril Debuysschere, Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou, Donatien Moukassa, Didier Hober","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70004","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enteroviruses (EV) initiate replication by binding to their cellular receptors, leading to the uncoating and release of the viral genome into the cytosol of the host cell. Neutralising antibodies (NAbs) binding to epitopes on enteroviral capsid proteins can inhibit this infectious process through several mechanisms of neutralisation in vitro. Fc-mediated antibody effector functions such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis have also been described for some EV. However, antibody binding to virions does not always result in viral neutralisation. Non-neutralising antibodies, or sub-neutralising concentrations of antibodies, can enhance infection of viruses, leading to more severe pathologies. This phenomenon, known as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection, has been described in vitro and/or in vivo for EV including poliovirus, coxsackievirus B and EV-A71. It has been shown that ADE of EV infection is mediated by FcγRs expressed by monocytes, macrophages, B lymphocytes and granulocytes. Antibodies play a crucial role in the diagnosis and monitoring of infections. They are valuable markers that have been used to establish a link between enteroviral infection and chronic diseases such as type 1 diabetes. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies targeting enteroviral proteins have been developed and shown to be effective to prevent or combat EV infections in vitro and in vivo. In addition, vaccines are under development, and clinical trials of vaccines are underway or have been completed, providing hope for the prevention of diseases due to EV. However, the ADE of the infection should be considered in the development of anti-EV antibodies or safe vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Reviews in Medical Virology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.70004","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"VIROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EV) initiate replication by binding to their cellular receptors, leading to the uncoating and release of the viral genome into the cytosol of the host cell. Neutralising antibodies (NAbs) binding to epitopes on enteroviral capsid proteins can inhibit this infectious process through several mechanisms of neutralisation in vitro. Fc-mediated antibody effector functions such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis have also been described for some EV. However, antibody binding to virions does not always result in viral neutralisation. Non-neutralising antibodies, or sub-neutralising concentrations of antibodies, can enhance infection of viruses, leading to more severe pathologies. This phenomenon, known as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection, has been described in vitro and/or in vivo for EV including poliovirus, coxsackievirus B and EV-A71. It has been shown that ADE of EV infection is mediated by FcγRs expressed by monocytes, macrophages, B lymphocytes and granulocytes. Antibodies play a crucial role in the diagnosis and monitoring of infections. They are valuable markers that have been used to establish a link between enteroviral infection and chronic diseases such as type 1 diabetes. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies targeting enteroviral proteins have been developed and shown to be effective to prevent or combat EV infections in vitro and in vivo. In addition, vaccines are under development, and clinical trials of vaccines are underway or have been completed, providing hope for the prevention of diseases due to EV. However, the ADE of the infection should be considered in the development of anti-EV antibodies or safe vaccines.
肠道病毒(EV)通过与其细胞受体结合开始复制,导致病毒基因组脱壳并释放到宿主细胞的细胞质中。与肠道病毒外壳蛋白上的表位结合的中和抗体(NAbs)可通过多种体外中和机制抑制这一感染过程。某些 EV 还具有 Fc 介导的抗体效应功能,如抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒性和抗体依赖性细胞吞噬作用。然而,抗体与病毒结合并不总能导致病毒中和。非中和抗体或亚中和浓度的抗体会增强病毒感染,导致更严重的病症。这种现象被称为抗体依赖性感染增强(ADE),已在体外和/或体内对包括脊髓灰质炎病毒、柯萨奇病毒 B 和 EV-A71 在内的 EV 进行了描述。研究表明,EV 感染的 ADE 是由单核细胞、巨噬细胞、B 淋巴细胞和粒细胞表达的 FcγRs 介导的。抗体在诊断和监测感染中起着至关重要的作用。它们是宝贵的标记物,已被用于确定肠道病毒感染与 1 型糖尿病等慢性疾病之间的联系。针对肠道病毒蛋白的单克隆和多克隆抗体已经开发出来,并被证明能有效预防或抗击体外和体内的肠道病毒感染。此外,疫苗也在开发之中,疫苗的临床试验正在进行或已经完成,这为预防由 EV 引起的疾病带来了希望。然而,在开发抗 EV 抗体或安全疫苗时,应考虑感染的 ADE。
期刊介绍:
Reviews in Medical Virology aims to provide articles reviewing conceptual or technological advances in diverse areas of virology. The journal covers topics such as molecular biology, cell biology, replication, pathogenesis, immunology, immunization, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment of viruses of medical importance, and COVID-19 research. The journal has an Impact Factor of 6.989 for the year 2020.
The readership of the journal includes clinicians, virologists, medical microbiologists, molecular biologists, infectious disease specialists, and immunologists. Reviews in Medical Virology is indexed and abstracted in databases such as CABI, Abstracts in Anthropology, ProQuest, Embase, MEDLINE/PubMed, ProQuest Central K-494, SCOPUS, and Web of Science et,al.