Substrate specificity and protein stability drive the divergence of plant-specific DNA methyltransferases

IF 11.7 1区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Science Advances Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adr2222

Jianjun Jiang, Jia Gwee, Jian Fang, Sarah M. Leichter, Dean Sanders, Xinrui Ji, Jikui Song, Xuehua Zhong

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism essential for transposon silencing and genome integrity. Across evolution, the substrates of DNA methylation have diversified between kingdoms. In plants, chromomethylase3 (CMT3) and CMT2 mediate CHG and CHH methylation, respectively. However, how these two methyltransferases diverge on substrate specificities during evolution remains unknown. Here, we reveal that CMT2 originates from a duplication of an evolutionarily ancient CMT3 in flowering plants. Lacking a key arginine residue recognizing CHG in CMT2 impairs its CHG methylation activity in most flowering plants. An engineered V1200R mutation empowers CMT2 to restore CHG and CHH methylations in Arabidopsis cmt2cmt3 mutant, testifying a loss-of-function effect for CMT2 during evolution. CMT2 has evolved a long and unstructured amino terminus critical for protein stability, especially under heat stress, and is plastic to tolerate various natural mutations. Together, this study reveals the mechanism of chromomethylase divergence for context-specific DNA methylation in plants and sheds important lights on DNA methylation evolution and function.

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底物特异性和蛋白质稳定性驱动植物特异性 DNA 甲基转移酶的分化

DNA 甲基化是一种重要的表观遗传机制，对转座子沉默和基因组完整性至关重要。在进化过程中，DNA 甲基化的底物在不同物种之间发生了变化。在植物中，染色甲基化酶3（CMT3）和CMT2分别介导CHG和CHH甲基化。然而，这两种甲基转移酶的底物特异性如何在进化过程中发生分化仍是未知数。在这里，我们揭示了 CMT2 起源于开花植物中进化古老的 CMT3 的重复。在大多数开花植物中，CMT2 中缺少一个识别 CHG 的关键精氨酸残基，会影响其 CHG 甲基化活性。在拟南芥 cmt2cmt3 突变体中，一个工程化的 V1200R 突变增强了 CMT2 恢复 CHG 和 CHH 甲基化的能力，证明了 CMT2 在进化过程中的功能缺失效应。CMT2 进化出了一个长而无结构的氨基末端，这对蛋白质的稳定性至关重要，尤其是在热胁迫下，而且具有可塑性，能够耐受各种自然突变。总之，这项研究揭示了植物中语境特异性DNA甲基化的染色体甲基化酶分化机制，对DNA甲基化的进化和功能有重要启示。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Science Advances 综合性期刊-综合性期刊

CiteScore

21.40

自引率

1.50%

发文量

1937

审稿时长

29 weeks

期刊介绍： Science Advances, an open-access journal by AAAS, publishes impactful research in diverse scientific areas. It aims for fair, fast, and expert peer review, providing freely accessible research to readers. Led by distinguished scientists, the journal supports AAAS's mission by extending Science magazine's capacity to identify and promote significant advances. Evolving digital publishing technologies play a crucial role in advancing AAAS's global mission for science communication and benefitting humankind.