Streptococcus pneumoniae epidemiology, pathogenesis and control

IF 2.6 2区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
Ana Rita Narciso, Rebecca Dookie, Priyanka Nannapaneni, Staffan Normark, Birgitta Henriques-Normark
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Abstract

Infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (also known as pneumococci) pose a threat to human health. Pneumococcal infections are the most common cause of milder respiratory tract infections, such as otitis and sinusitis, and of more severe diseases, including pneumonia (with or without septicaemia) and meningitis. The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in the childhood vaccination programme in many countries has led to a notable decrease of severe invasive pneumococcal disease in vaccinated children. However, infections caused by non-vaccine types have concurrently increased, causing invasive pneumococcal disease in unvaccinated populations (such as older adults), which has hampered the effect of these vaccines. Moreover, emerging antibiotic resistance is threatening effective therapy. Thus, new approaches are needed for the treatment and prevention of pneumococcal infections, and recent advances in the field may pave the way for new strategies. Recently, several important findings have been gained regarding pneumococcal epidemiology, genomics and the effect of the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and of the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, elucidative pathogenesis studies have shown that the interactions between pneumococcal virulence factors and host receptors may be exploited for new therapies, and new vaccine candidates have been suggested. In this Review, we summarize some recent findings from clinical disease to basic pathogenesis studies that may be of importance for future control strategies.

Abstract Image

肺炎链球菌的流行病学、发病机制和控制
肺炎链球菌(又称肺炎球菌)引起的感染对人类健康构成威胁。肺炎球菌感染是较轻呼吸道感染(如耳炎和鼻窦炎)和较重疾病(包括肺炎(伴有或不伴有败血症)和脑膜炎)的最常见原因。许多国家在儿童疫苗接种计划中引入肺炎球菌结合疫苗后,接种过疫苗的儿童患严重侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病的人数明显减少。然而,由非疫苗类型引起的感染却同时增加,导致未接种疫苗的人群(如老年人)患上侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病,从而影响了这些疫苗的效果。此外,新出现的抗生素耐药性也威胁着有效治疗。因此,治疗和预防肺炎球菌感染需要新的方法,而该领域的最新进展可能会为新策略铺平道路。最近,在肺炎球菌流行病学、基因组学以及肺炎球菌结合疫苗的引入和 COVID-19 大流行的影响方面取得了一些重要发现。此外,阐明发病机理的研究表明,肺炎球菌毒力因子与宿主受体之间的相互作用可用于新疗法,并提出了新的候选疫苗。在本综述中,我们总结了从临床疾病到基础发病机理研究的一些最新发现,这些发现可能对未来的控制策略具有重要意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
26.70%
发文量
64
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The journal for teachers, researchers and other practitioners in chemistry education.
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