Optimization of the positron emission tomography image resolution by using quantum entanglement concept

Abstract

The application of quantum entanglement in the analysis of photons in PET imaging systems has the potential to significantly improve image quality. By acquiring additional information beyond the conventional PET system data, the polarization of coincidence photons reaching the detectors can optimally separate correct and incorrect received data. Since these photons are entangled, measuring their polarization can provide new information about related photon pairs, or true events. In this research, we demonstrate the potential for using the polarization of entangled photons to improve the image quality of PET imaging systems. We first investigate the theory of Compton scattering of 511 keV gamma photons resulting from positron annihilation using the GEANT4 object-oriented tool. Next, we survey the possibility of using quantum entanglement in a Compton PET system. We then develop new source code in the GATE program to design a new system capable of detecting the polarization of 511 keV gamma photons resulting from positron annihilation, which was not previously possible in this software. This adds a new feature to the GAET software. Finally, we compare the reconstructed images from the new proposed system and conventional PET systems, illustrating a significant enhancement in image quality.