Soil microbial resistance and resilience to drought under organic and conventional farming

IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY
Elena Kost , Dominika Kundel , Rafaela Feola Conz , Paul Mäder , Hans-Martin Krause , Johan Six , Jochen Mayer , Martin Hartmann
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The impacts of climate change, such as drought, can affect soil microbial communities. These communities are crucial for soil functioning and crop production. Organic and conventional cropping systems can promote distinct soil microbiomes and soil organic carbon contents, which might generate different capacities to mitigate drought effects on these cropping systems. A field-scale drought simulation was performed in long-term organically and conventionally managed cropping systems differing in fertilization and pesticide application. The soil microbiome was assessed during and after drought in bulk soil, rhizosphere, and roots of wheat. We found that drought reduced soil respiration and altered microbial community structures, affecting fungi in the bulk soil and rhizosphere more strongly than prokaryotes. Microbial communities associated with crops (i.e. rhizosphere and root) were more strongly influenced by drought compared to bulk soil communities. Drought legacy effects were observed in the bulk soil after harvesting and rewetting. The extent of the structural shifts in the soil microbiome in response to severe drought did not differ significantly between the organic and conventional cropping systems but each cropping system maintained a unique microbiome under drought. All cropping systems showed relative increases in potential plant growth-promoting genera under drought but some genera such as Streptomyces, Rhizophagus, Actinomadura, and Aneurinibacillus showed system-specific drought responses. This agricultural field study indicated that fungal communities might be less resistant to drought than prokaryotic communities in cropping systems and these effects get more pronounced in closer association with plants. Organic fertilization and the associated increase in soil organic carbon, or the reduction in pesticide application might not have the proposed ability to buffer severe drought stress on soil microbial taxonomic diversity. Yet, it remains to be elucidated whether the ability to maintain system-specific soil microbiomes also during drought translates into different functional capabilities to cope with the stress.
有机耕作和传统耕作下土壤微生物的抗旱性和复原力
干旱等气候变化的影响会影响土壤微生物群落。这些群落对土壤功能和作物生产至关重要。有机种植系统和常规种植系统可以促进不同的土壤微生物群落和土壤有机碳含量,这可能会对这些种植系统产生不同的缓解干旱影响的能力。在施肥和施用农药不同的长期有机和常规管理种植系统中进行了田间尺度的干旱模拟。在干旱期间和之后,对小麦的大块土壤、根瘤层和根部的土壤微生物组进行了评估。我们发现,干旱降低了土壤呼吸作用,改变了微生物群落结构,对大块土壤和根圈中真菌的影响比对原核生物的影响更大。与块状土壤群落相比,与作物相关的微生物群落(即根瘤菌圈和根部)受干旱的影响更大。收获和复湿后,在大体积土壤中观察到了干旱遗留效应。土壤微生物群对严重干旱的结构变化程度在有机种植系统和常规种植系统之间没有显著差异,但每种种植系统在干旱条件下都保持了独特的微生物群。在干旱条件下,所有种植系统中潜在的促进植物生长的菌属都相对增加,但一些菌属,如链霉菌属、根霉菌属、放线菌属和Aneurinibacillus菌属,则表现出系统特异性的干旱反应。这项农田研究表明,在种植系统中,真菌群落对干旱的抵抗力可能不如原核生物群落,而在与植物关系更密切的情况下,这些影响会更加明显。有机肥和相关土壤有机碳的增加,或杀虫剂施用量的减少,可能无法缓冲严重干旱对土壤微生物分类多样性的压力。然而,在干旱期间保持系统特异性土壤微生物组的能力是否会转化为应对压力的不同功能能力,还有待进一步阐明。
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来源期刊
European Journal of Soil Biology
European Journal of Soil Biology 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
51
审稿时长
27 days
期刊介绍: The European Journal of Soil Biology covers all aspects of soil biology which deal with microbial and faunal ecology and activity in soils, as well as natural ecosystems or biomes connected to ecological interests: biodiversity, biological conservation, adaptation, impact of global changes on soil biodiversity and ecosystem functioning and effects and fate of pollutants as influenced by soil organisms. Different levels in ecosystem structure are taken into account: individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems themselves. At each level, different disciplinary approaches are welcomed: molecular biology, genetics, ecophysiology, ecology, biogeography and landscape ecology.
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