Adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 4-chlorophenol using bio-based activated carbon: Thermodynamics, kinetics and cytotoxicity evaluation

Environmental Functional Materials Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI:10.1016/j.efmat.2024.09.002

Rashda , Aaron Albert Aryee , Dai Kailu , Shumaila Kiran , Zhaohui Li , Runping Han

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Abstract

This study investigates the use of peanut husk biowaste (PH) activated carbon to remove 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) from water. Acid activation of PH enhances its structure, creating pores in the activated carbon. SEM, TEM, and XRD confirm the effectiveness of this process. BET analysis shows the increase in surface area from 0.775 to 547 m² g⁻¹ for the PH and PH-AC samples. PH-AC tested against 2,4-D and 4-CP, optimizing pH, contact time, pollutant dose, PH-AC dose, and temperature for maximum adsorption efficiencies. Maximum adsorption capacity for 2,4-D and 4-CP is 165.9 and 99.4 mg g⁻¹, respectively, higher than previous research. Kinetics, adsorption, and thermodynamic studies reveal the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. The adsorbent demonstrates stability and long-term applicability, with substantial adsorption capacities for four cycles. Cytotoxicity studies confirm non-toxicity and environmental friendliness of PH-AC material. These findings highlight the potential of PH-AC for wastewater treatment.

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使用生物基活性炭吸附 2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸和 4-氯苯酚：热力学、动力学和细胞毒性评估

本研究调查了使用花生壳生物废料（PH）活性炭去除水中的 2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸（2,4-D）和 4-氯苯酚（4-CP）的情况。PH 的酸性活化可增强其结构，在活性炭中形成孔隙。SEM、TEM 和 XRD 证实了这一工艺的有效性。BET 分析表明，PH 和 PH-AC 样品的表面积从 0.775 m2 g-1 增加到 547 m2 g-1。PH-AC 针对 2,4-D 和 4-CP 进行了测试，优化了 pH 值、接触时间、污染物剂量、PH-AC 剂量和温度，以获得最大吸附效率。2,4-D 和 4-CP 的最大吸附容量分别为 165.9 mg g-1 和 99.4 mg g-1，高于之前的研究。动力学、吸附和热力学研究揭示了吸附过程的内热和自发性质。该吸附剂具有稳定性和长期适用性，在四个周期内都具有很强的吸附能力。细胞毒性研究证实了 PH-AC 材料的无毒性和环保性。这些研究结果突显了 PH-AC 在废水处理方面的潜力。

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Environmental Functional Materials

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