Ecological impact of single and semi-contiguous artificial rockpool installations on the assemblages and species richness of vertical seawalls

IF 3.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY
Roger J.H. Herbert , Jessica R. Bone , Alice E. Hall , Stephen J. Hawkins , Rick Stafford
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Abstract

Local improvements to species diversity through the creation of microhabitat features have been adopted as an approach for “Greening Grey Infrastructure” (GGI) in urbanised coastal ecosystems. To confidently implement these enhancements asset managers and engineers need quantitative information on the value of different feature types, densities, and configurations. We compared the biodiversity benefits of horizontal arrays of semi-contiguous 3 and 5 artificial rockpools with single isolated rockpool units and unenhanced sections of seawall. Rockpools were fixed within seawall sections 2 m wide at Mean High Water Neap Tide Level. At low tide, biota was monitored inside the pools, on the side of the pool units, the sea wall adjacent to the rockpools and in sea wall zones above and below the pools. After 36 months, species richness (all zones combined) of seawall sections with five rockpools was up to four times greater than controls and included protected and non-indigenous species. Increased richness was attributable to a higher density of rockpools and not rockpool contiguity. Grazers attracted to areas between and above rockpools modified assemblages that may limit persistence of algae. At one site, recovery of brown algae following disturbance during rockpool installation remained incomplete after 36 months. Benefits of arrays of semi-contiguous pools remain unclear, and deployment of individual rockpools (or similar enhancements) over a larger habitat area, that experience a wider range of conditions, may be at least as valuable. Quantifying species richness per unit size/ area of structure should assist managers and the development of metrics designed to measure ecological benefits in GGI.
单个和半连续人工岩池装置对垂直海堤生物群落和物种丰富度的生态影响
在城市化的沿岸生态系统中,通过创造微生境特征来改善当地的物种多样性,已被作为 "绿化灰色基础设施"(GGI)的一种方法。为了自信地实施这些改进措施,资产管理者和工程师需要获得有关不同特征类型、密度和配置价值的定量信息。我们比较了由 3 个和 5 个半连续人工岩池组成的水平阵列与单个孤立的岩池单元和未增强的海堤段的生物多样性效益。岩池被固定在 2 米宽的海堤断面上,处于平均涨潮水位。退潮时,对水池内部、水池单元侧面、与岩池相邻的海堤以及水池上方和下方的海堤区域进行生物群落监测。36 个月后,有五个岩池的海堤段的物种丰富度(所有区域总和)比对照组高出四倍,其中包括受保护物种和非本地物种。物种丰富度提高的原因是岩池密度增加,而不是岩池的毗连性。吸引到岩池之间和岩池上方区域的食草动物改变了藻类的组合,这可能会限制藻类的持续生长。在一个地点,褐藻在岩池安装过程中受到干扰,36 个月后仍未完全恢复。半连续水池阵列的益处尚不明确,而在更大的栖息地范围内部署单个岩池(或类似的强化设施),经历更广泛的条件变化,可能至少同样有价值。量化每单位大小/面积结构的物种丰富度将有助于管理者和制定旨在衡量 GGI 生态效益的指标。
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来源期刊
Ecological Engineering
Ecological Engineering 环境科学-工程:环境
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
5.30%
发文量
293
审稿时长
57 days
期刊介绍: Ecological engineering has been defined as the design of ecosystems for the mutual benefit of humans and nature. The journal is meant for ecologists who, because of their research interests or occupation, are involved in designing, monitoring, or restoring ecosystems, and can serve as a bridge between ecologists and engineers. Specific topics covered in the journal include: habitat reconstruction; ecotechnology; synthetic ecology; bioengineering; restoration ecology; ecology conservation; ecosystem rehabilitation; stream and river restoration; reclamation ecology; non-renewable resource conservation. Descriptions of specific applications of ecological engineering are acceptable only when situated within context of adding novelty to current research and emphasizing ecosystem restoration. We do not accept purely descriptive reports on ecosystem structures (such as vegetation surveys), purely physical assessment of materials that can be used for ecological restoration, small-model studies carried out in the laboratory or greenhouse with artificial (waste)water or crop studies, or case studies on conventional wastewater treatment and eutrophication that do not offer an ecosystem restoration approach within the paper.
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