Crystallinity of neat and carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide-6 processed at different cooling rates

IF 8.1 2区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI:10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108520

Sepehr Simaafrookhteh , Thijs Van Thillo , Stepan V. Lomov , Jan Ivens

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Abstract

The cooling rate of the manufacturing process can significantly alter the performance of the semi-crystalline polymers and composites by influencing their degree of crystallinity (DOC). To this end, the research studies the cooling rate effect on the crystallization of injection-molded polyamide-6 (PA6) and carbon fiber-reinforced PA6 (CF/PA6) compression-molded laminates. DSC, mDSC, and XRD techniques are used and compared for DOC characterization while highlighting the challenges and possible erroneous results when using DSC and XRD. mDSC results after careful drying and storage and due to the capacity of the technique to separate the reversing and non-reversing signals showed consistent results, while the XRD underestimated the DOC. Based on mDSC, different cooling methods of the compression molding process induced DOCs in the 36–50 % range for the CF/PA6 laminates, whereas changing the mold temperature of the injection molding process resulted in PA6 films with DOC of 28–35 %.

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以不同冷却速度加工的纯聚酰胺-6 和碳纤维增强聚酰胺-6 的结晶度

制造过程中的冷却速度会影响半结晶聚合物和复合材料的结晶度 (DOC)，从而显著改变其性能。为此，本研究探讨了冷却速度对注塑聚酰胺-6（PA6）和碳纤维增强 PA6（CF/PA6）压缩成型层压板结晶的影响。使用 DSC、mDSC 和 XRD 技术表征 DOC，并对其进行了比较，同时强调了使用 DSC 和 XRD 时面临的挑战和可能出现的错误结果。mDSC 经过仔细干燥和储存后，由于该技术能够分离反转和非反转信号，因此结果显示一致，而 XRD 则低估了 DOC。根据 mDSC，压缩成型工艺的不同冷却方法导致 CF/PA6 薄片的 DOC 在 36-50% 之间，而改变注塑成型工艺的模具温度则导致 PA6 薄膜的 DOC 为 28-35%。

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来源期刊

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 工程技术-材料科学：复合

CiteScore

15.20

自引率

5.70%

发文量

492

审稿时长

30 days

期刊介绍： Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing is a comprehensive journal that publishes original research papers, review articles, case studies, short communications, and letters covering various aspects of composite materials science and technology. This includes fibrous and particulate reinforcements in polymeric, metallic, and ceramic matrices, as well as 'natural' composites like wood and biological materials. The journal addresses topics such as properties, design, and manufacture of reinforcing fibers and particles, novel architectures and concepts, multifunctional composites, advancements in fabrication and processing, manufacturing science, process modeling, experimental mechanics, microstructural characterization, interfaces, prediction and measurement of mechanical, physical, and chemical behavior, and performance in service. Additionally, articles on economic and commercial aspects, design, and case studies are welcomed. All submissions undergo rigorous peer review to ensure they contribute significantly and innovatively, maintaining high standards for content and presentation. The editorial team aims to expedite the review process for prompt publication.