Dominant Arm Internal and External Rotation Strength is Related to Arm Pain in Youth Baseball Players.

IF 1.6 Q3 SPORT SCIENCES

International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy Pub Date : 2024-11-02 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.26603/001c.124447

Jeffrey Paskewitz, Fred Breidenbach, Philip Malloy, P Michael Eckrich, Ryan Zarzycki

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Abstract

Background and purpose: The prevalence of arm pain in youth baseball players is high with approximately half reporting arm pain during the season, and the number of ulnar collateral ligament reconstructions in youth baseball players is increasing. Few studies have examined the relationship between shoulder strength and passive range of motion (ROM) with arm pain (either shoulder or elbow pain) during throwing, especially in athletes in early adolescence. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between shoulder ROM and strength and the presence of arm pain during throwing in youth baseball players. It was hypothesized that less internal rotation (IR) ROM, less total rotational ROM, and lower IR and external rotation (ER) strength would be associated with arm pain.

Study design: Observational cohort study.

Methods: Sixty-five youth male baseball players between the ages of 12-15 were enrolled. Shoulder strength (ER, IR, ER/IR strength ratio, scaption) and passive ROM (ER, IR, flexion, horizontal adduction) were collected prior to the start of the spring 2021 baseball season. Players self-reported their arm pain frequency during throwing as never, rarely, sometimes, often, or always. The relationship between reported arm pain frequency during throwing and shoulder ROM and strength measurements was examined.

Results: ER (ρ= -0.289, p=0.020) and IR strength (ρ= -0.262, p=0.035) were weakly and negatively correlated with reports of arm pain during throwing. No other clinical variables were associated with reports of arm pain (p ≥ 0.124).

Conclusion: In youth baseball players, greater IR and ER strength were associated with less arm pain frequency during throwing, while ROM was not associated with arm pain frequency. Future research should explore these variables prospectively to determine if changes in ROM and strength are related to the development of arm pain in youth baseball players.

Level of evidence: 3.

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主臂内旋和外旋力量与青少年棒球运动员手臂疼痛的关系。

背景和目的：青少年棒球运动员手臂疼痛的发生率很高，约有一半的运动员在赛季中报告手臂疼痛，青少年棒球运动员尺侧副韧带重建的数量也在不断增加。很少有研究探讨肩部力量和被动运动范围（ROM）与投掷过程中手臂疼痛（肩部或肘部疼痛）之间的关系，尤其是在青春期早期的运动员中。本研究的目的是确定肩部 ROM 和力量与青少年棒球运动员投掷时手臂疼痛之间的关系。研究假设，较小的内旋（IR）ROM、较小的总旋转ROM以及较低的内旋和外旋（ER）力量将与手臂疼痛有关：研究设计：观察性队列研究：研究设计：观察性队列研究。在 2021 年春季棒球赛季开始前收集了肩部力量（ER、IR、ER/IR 力量比、肩胛）和被动 ROM（ER、IR、屈伸、水平内收）。球员们自我报告的投掷过程中手臂疼痛频率分为从不、很少、有时、经常或总是。研究了投掷时手臂疼痛频率与肩关节活动度和力量测量之间的关系：ER（ρ= -0.289，p=0.020）和IR强度（ρ= -0.262，p=0.035）与投掷时手臂疼痛的报告呈弱负相关。其他临床变量均与手臂疼痛报告无关（p ≥ 0.124）：结论：在青少年棒球运动员中，较强的IR和ER力量与投掷时手臂疼痛频率较低有关，而ROM与手臂疼痛频率无关。未来的研究应该对这些变量进行前瞻性探索，以确定ROM和力量的变化是否与青少年棒球运动员手臂疼痛的发生有关：3.

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