Phylogenetic and population genetic analysis of Arunachali Yak (Bos grunniens) using mitochondrial DNA D-loop region.

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q3 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Molecular Biology Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI:10.1007/s11033-024-10076-9

Martina Pukhrambam, Atrayee Dutta, Pranab Jyoti Das, Anesha Chanda, Mihir Sarkar

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: The Arunachali yak (Bos grunniens) is an important breed native to the northeastern Himalayas of India. Understanding its genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships with other bovine species is crucial for effective conservation and breeding strategies. This study investigates the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region of Arunachali yak and compares it with other bovines to elucidate these relationships.

Methods: We collected blood samples from 18 Arunachali yak individuals and isolated genomic DNA. The partial mtDNA D-loop region was amplified using PCR and sequenced. Sequences were compared with those from Bos frontalis, Bos gaurus, Bos indicus, Bubalus bubalis, and Capra hircus available in GenBank. Phylogenetic relationships were assessed through Neighbor-Joining trees and median-joining networks. Genetic diversity indices and neutrality tests were applied to evaluate population genetic characteristics.

Results: Phylogenetic analysis identified three distinct clades, with Arunachali yak clustering closely with Bos indicus, and forming a separate branch from other bovine species. Median-joining networks revealed six haplogroups, with Arunachali yak uniquely representing Hap_3. Genetic diversity analysis showed no polymorphism within Arunachali yak, indicating very low genetic variation in the selected animal samples. AMOVA demonstrated significant genetic differentiation among populations (Fst = 0.30053, P < 0.001), with a substantial portion of variation occurring within populations.

Conclusions: The Arunachali yak exhibits a close genetic relationship with Bos indicus, reflecting recent divergence. The study underscores the distinct genetic profile of Arunachali yak and highlights its limited genetic variability. These findings enhance our understanding of bovine evolutionary relationships and emphasize the need for targeted conservation measures to preserve the genetic integrity of Arunachali yak.

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利用线粒体 DNA D 环区对阿鲁纳恰里牦牛（Bos grunniens）进行系统发育和种群遗传分析。

背景：阿鲁纳恰里牦牛（Bos grunniens）是原产于印度喜马拉雅山脉东北部的一个重要品种。了解阿鲁纳恰里牦牛的遗传多样性以及与其他牛类的进化关系对于有效的保护和育种策略至关重要。本研究调查了阿鲁纳恰里牦牛的线粒体 DNA（mtDNA）D 环区，并将其与其他牛类进行比较，以阐明这些关系：我们采集了 18 头阿鲁纳恰里牦牛的血液样本，并分离了基因组 DNA。方法：我们采集了 18 头阿鲁纳恰里牦牛的血液样本，并分离了基因组 DNA，使用 PCR 扩增了部分 mtDNA D-loop 区域并进行了测序。序列与 GenBank 中的 Bos frontalis、Bos gaurus、Bos indicus、Bubalus bubalis 和 Capra hircus 序列进行了比较。通过邻接树和中位连接网络评估了系统发育关系。应用遗传多样性指数和中性检验来评估种群遗传特征：系统发育分析发现了三个不同的支系，阿鲁纳恰里牦牛与牛密切聚类，并与其他牛类形成一个独立的分支。中位连接网络显示了六个单倍群，阿鲁纳恰里牦牛是 Hap_3 的唯一代表。遗传多样性分析表明，阿鲁纳恰里牦牛内部没有多态性，这表明所选动物样本的遗传变异非常小。AMOVA表明种群间存在明显的遗传差异（Fst = 0.30053，P 结论）：阿鲁纳恰里牦牛与印度牦牛的遗传关系密切，反映了最近的分化。这项研究强调了阿鲁纳恰里牦牛独特的遗传特征，并突出了其有限的遗传变异性。这些发现加深了我们对牛进化关系的理解，并强调了采取有针对性的保护措施以保护阿鲁纳恰里牦牛遗传完整性的必要性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Molecular Biology Reports 生物-生化与分子生物学

CiteScore

5.00

自引率

0.00%

发文量

1048

审稿时长

5.6 months

期刊介绍： Molecular Biology Reports publishes original research papers and review articles that demonstrate novel molecular and cellular findings in both eukaryotes (animals, plants, algae, funghi) and prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea).The journal publishes results of both fundamental and translational research as well as new techniques that advance experimental progress in the field and presents original research papers, short communications and (mini-) reviews.