Effects of left ventrolateral prefrontal stimulation on forming and maintaining deep and shallow episodic traces.

IF 2.9 2区 医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES
Nan Peng, Wei Wu, Sergio Della Sala, Paul Hoffman
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The levels-of-processing framework, proposing that deep encoding enhances retention, plays a crucial role in episodic memory research. Neuroimaging evidence highlights that increased activity of the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex during deep encoding predicts subsequent memory success. However, cognitive mechanisms underlying this region's involvement in establishing and consolidating deep and shallow traces remain unclear. In this preregistered study, we investigated whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex versus the vertex differentially modulates the formation and maintenance of deep and shallow traces. Trains of 20 Hz online repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation were delivered over the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex or vertex during tasks involving pleasantness (deep) and alphabetical order (shallow) judgments of words. Following encoding, two recognition tests assessed immediate and 24-h delayed recognition of words. Compared to the vertex control, ventrolateral prefrontal stimulation selectively disrupted the formation of episodic memory under deep encoding conditions, evidenced by increased response time at encoding and reduced immediate recognition in the deep but not shallow condition. Notably, forgetting rates across the 24-h delay were similar for disrupted deep, intact deep, and shallow items, implying that the rate of trace decay is independent of the strength of trace formation. The constant trace decay indicates that distinct mechanisms are involved in establishing and maintaining episodic traces.

刺激左侧前额叶外侧对形成和维持深浅情节痕迹的影响
处理水平框架提出深度编码能增强记忆的保持,这一框架在外显记忆研究中起着至关重要的作用。神经影像学证据表明,在深度编码过程中,左侧腹外侧前额叶皮层活动的增加预示着随后记忆的成功。然而,该区域参与建立和巩固深浅痕迹的认知机制仍不清楚。在这项预先登记的研究中,我们调查了重复经颅磁刺激左侧腹外侧前额叶皮层与顶点是否会对深浅痕迹的形成和维持产生不同的调节作用。在涉及单词愉快度(深层)和字母顺序(浅层)判断的任务中,对左侧腹外侧前额叶皮层或顶点进行一连串 20 赫兹的在线重复经颅磁刺激。编码后,两个识别测试分别评估了对单词的即时识别和 24 小时延迟识别。与顶点对照组相比,在深度编码条件下,前额叶外侧刺激选择性地破坏了外显记忆的形成,表现为编码时反应时间增加,以及在深度条件下即时识别率降低,而在浅度条件下则没有。值得注意的是,在24小时的延迟中,被破坏的深层、完整的深层和浅层项目的遗忘率相似,这意味着痕迹衰减的速度与痕迹形成的强度无关。恒定的痕迹衰减表明,在建立和维持情节性痕迹的过程中,有不同的机制参与其中。
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来源期刊
Cerebral cortex
Cerebral cortex 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
8.10%
发文量
510
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Cerebral Cortex publishes papers on the development, organization, plasticity, and function of the cerebral cortex, including the hippocampus. Studies with clear relevance to the cerebral cortex, such as the thalamocortical relationship or cortico-subcortical interactions, are also included. The journal is multidisciplinary and covers the large variety of modern neurobiological and neuropsychological techniques, including anatomy, biochemistry, molecular neurobiology, electrophysiology, behavior, artificial intelligence, and theoretical modeling. In addition to research articles, special features such as brief reviews, book reviews, and commentaries are included.
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