Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex: Measurement, Prevalence, Clinical Features, Maternal Mental Health, and Mother-Infant Bonding.

IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q2 OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY
Maja Žutić, Marijana Matijaš, Sandra Nakić Radoš
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: Dysphoric milk ejection reflex (D-MER) is a condition affecting lactating women, characterized by abrupt emotions of dysphoria that start shortly before or during milk let-down and progress for several minutes. Research on D-MER, especially with quantitative methodology, is minimal. This study aimed to validate an instrument for D-MER-related emotions, examine its prevalence and clinical features, and explore differences in maternal mental health and mother-infant bonding between mothers with and without D-MER. Methods: A total of 711 women up to 12 months postpartum participated in an online cross-sectional study. Participants fulfilled the D-MER Questionnaire (D-MERq), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales, and the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire. Results: The analysis showed that D-MERq had high reliability and good discriminant and divergent validity. The prevalence of D-MER was 5.9%. For the majority, D-MER manifested intensely, accompanied mostly by agitation- and anxiety-related emotions, and 45% of mothers discontinued breastfeeding due to D-MER. Mothers experiencing D-MER had higher levels of depression, anxiety, stress, previous psychiatric diagnoses, and more mother-infant bonding difficulties compared with mothers without D-MER. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that D-MERq is a valuable tool with good psychometric properties and suitable for clinical and research use to facilitate early identification and better understanding of this phenomenon. D-MER affects a noteworthy number of women and is associated with impaired mental health, bonding difficulties, and breastfeeding discontinuation. This highlights the importance of health care providers recognizing D-MER to ensure better outcomes and a more positive breastfeeding experience.

排乳反射障碍:测量、发病率、临床特征、产妇心理健康和母婴关系。
导言:排乳障碍反射(D-MER)是一种影响哺乳期妇女的症状,其特点是在排乳前或排乳过程中突然出现排乳障碍情绪,并持续数分钟。有关 D-MER 的研究,尤其是定量方法的研究很少。本研究旨在验证一种与 D-MER 相关的情绪测试工具,检查其流行率和临床特征,并探讨有 D-MER 和无 D-MER 的母亲在心理健康和母婴关系方面的差异。研究方法共有 711 名产后 12 个月的妇女参加了在线横断面研究。参与者填写了 D-MER 问卷(D-MERq)、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表、抑郁、焦虑和压力量表以及产后亲子关系问卷。结果显示分析表明,D-MERq 具有较高的信度、良好的判别效度和发散效度。D-MER 的发病率为 5.9%。对于大多数人来说,D-MER表现强烈,主要伴有与激动和焦虑相关的情绪,45%的母亲因D-MER而中断母乳喂养。与没有出现 D-MER 的母亲相比,出现 D-MER 的母亲抑郁、焦虑、压力、曾被诊断患有精神病的程度更高,母婴关系更难建立。结论这些研究结果表明,D-MERq 是一种有价值的工具,具有良好的心理测量特性,适合临床和研究使用,有助于早期识别和更好地理解这一现象。D-MER影响着相当多的妇女,并与心理健康受损、亲子关系困难和停止母乳喂养有关。这凸显了医护人员识别 D-MER 的重要性,以确保更好的结果和更积极的母乳喂养体验。
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来源期刊
Breastfeeding Medicine
Breastfeeding Medicine OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY-PEDIATRICS
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
11.10%
发文量
130
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Breastfeeding Medicine provides unparalleled peer-reviewed research, protocols, and clinical applications to ensure optimal care for mother and infant. The Journal answers the growing demand for evidence-based research and explores the immediate and long-term outcomes of breastfeeding, including its epidemiologic, physiologic, and psychological benefits. It is the exclusive source of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine protocols. Breastfeeding Medicine coverage includes: Breastfeeding recommendations and protocols Health consequences of artificial feeding Physiology of lactation and biochemistry of breast milk Optimal nutrition for the breastfeeding mother Breastfeeding indications and contraindications Managing breastfeeding discomfort, pain, and other complications Breastfeeding the premature or sick infant Breastfeeding in the chronically ill mother Management of the breastfeeding mother on medication Infectious disease transmission through breast milk and breastfeeding The collection and storage of human milk and human milk banking Measuring the impact of being a “baby-friendly” hospital Cultural competence and cultural sensitivity International public health issues including social and economic issues.
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