Gas Pathing: Improved Greenhouse Gas Emission Estimates of Liquefied Natural Gas Exports through Enhanced Supply Chain Resolution

IF 7.1 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI:10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c07162

Selina A. Roman-White, Deeksha Mallikarjuna Prasanna, Amber McCullagh, Arvind P. Ravikumar, David Thomas Allen, Kavya Chivukula, Harshvardhan Khutal, Paul Balcombe, Gregory Ross, Brad Handler, Morgan Bazilian, Fiji C. George

{"title":"Gas Pathing: Improved Greenhouse Gas Emission Estimates of Liquefied Natural Gas Exports through Enhanced Supply Chain Resolution","authors":"Selina A. Roman-White, Deeksha Mallikarjuna Prasanna, Amber McCullagh, Arvind P. Ravikumar, David Thomas Allen, Kavya Chivukula, Harshvardhan Khutal, Paul Balcombe, Gregory Ross, Brad Handler, Morgan Bazilian, Fiji C. George","doi":"10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c07162","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of greenhouse gas (GHG) life cycle assessments (LCAs) of liquefied natural gas (LNG) has increased over the past decade. In this study, a novel framework for improved supply chain-specific LCAs for GHGs is presented using a gas pathing algorithm aligned with how gas is purchased, sold, and transported within the U.S. Utilizing supply chain emissions and gas purchase data specific to two U.S. liquefaction facilities, we identify 138 distinct gas pathways with GHG emission profiles that can vary by nearly a factor of 6. Reference case GHG intensities are 22–53% lower than prior studies for U.S. LNG delivered to Europe (production through regasification, 100-yr GWP). This study also incorporates recent supply chain measurement data. GHG intensities based on measurement data for U.S. LNG delivered to Europe are 41–52% higher than the reference case (production through regasification 100-yr GWP) and 8–11% higher for production through power generation boundaries (all market destinations, 100-yr GWP) but 20–28% lower than prior estimates employing national or regional nonempirical data. Supply chain-specific LCAs and the integration of emission measurements in LCAs are critical to accurately characterize the differences in GHG emissions from natural gas and LNG supply chains.","PeriodicalId":25,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c07162","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

The utilization of greenhouse gas (GHG) life cycle assessments (LCAs) of liquefied natural gas (LNG) has increased over the past decade. In this study, a novel framework for improved supply chain-specific LCAs for GHGs is presented using a gas pathing algorithm aligned with how gas is purchased, sold, and transported within the U.S. Utilizing supply chain emissions and gas purchase data specific to two U.S. liquefaction facilities, we identify 138 distinct gas pathways with GHG emission profiles that can vary by nearly a factor of 6. Reference case GHG intensities are 22–53% lower than prior studies for U.S. LNG delivered to Europe (production through regasification, 100-yr GWP). This study also incorporates recent supply chain measurement data. GHG intensities based on measurement data for U.S. LNG delivered to Europe are 41–52% higher than the reference case (production through regasification 100-yr GWP) and 8–11% higher for production through power generation boundaries (all market destinations, 100-yr GWP) but 20–28% lower than prior estimates employing national or regional nonempirical data. Supply chain-specific LCAs and the integration of emission measurements in LCAs are critical to accurately characterize the differences in GHG emissions from natural gas and LNG supply chains.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

天然气路径：通过加强供应链解析改进液化天然气出口的温室气体排放估算

在过去十年中，对液化天然气（LNG）的温室气体（GHG）生命周期评估（LCA）的利用率不断提高。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个新的框架，利用与美国境内天然气购买、销售和运输方式相一致的天然气路径算法，改进供应链特定的温室气体生命周期评估。参考案例的温室气体强度比之前对美国向欧洲输送液化天然气的研究（通过再气化生产，100 年全球升温潜能值）低 22-53%。本研究还纳入了最新的供应链测量数据。根据测量数据，美国输往欧洲的液化天然气的温室气体强度比参考案例（通过再气化生产，100 年全球升温潜能值）高 41-52%，通过发电边界生产（所有市场目的地，100 年全球升温潜能值）高 8-11%，但比之前采用国家或地区非经验数据的估计值低 20-28%。针对供应链的生命周期分析以及生命周期分析中排放测量的整合对于准确描述天然气和液化天然气供应链的温室气体排放差异至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

CiteScore

13.80

自引率

4.80%

发文量

1470

审稿时长

1.7 months

期刊介绍： ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering is a prestigious weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Chemical Society. Dedicated to advancing the principles of green chemistry and green engineering, it covers a wide array of research topics including green chemistry, green engineering, biomass, alternative energy, and life cycle assessment. The journal welcomes submissions in various formats, including Letters, Articles, Features, and Perspectives (Reviews), that address the challenges of sustainability in the chemical enterprise and contribute to the advancement of sustainable practices. Join us in shaping the future of sustainable chemistry and engineering.