Visible-light types I and II N-TiO2-based iron metalloporphyrin for efficient photodynamic therapy

IF 2.2 4区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Parisa Nosrati, Rahmatollah Rahimi, Fatemeh Molaabasi
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Abstract

Nanoparticles particularly titanium dioxide (TiO2) have demonstrated remarkable potential in both photocatalytic degradation of the toxic compounds and development of the effective photodynamic therapy (PDT) by harnessing light-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In PDT, the choice of appropriate photosensitizers (PSs) and optimal light sources is crucial for the therapeutic efficacy. Pure titanium dioxide has the drawbacks of limited tissue penetration and high cytotoxicity due to the triggered traditional ultraviolet light sources, rapid recombination rate of the electron (e)/hole (h+) pairs attributed to their broader band gap energy, and low solubility with high tendency to aggregation in water. Reproducible synthesis and efficiency optimization in ROS generation are also among the challenges. Addressing these challenges, this study focuses on the construction of a novel PDT nanoplatform: design and synthesis of the biocompatible N-doped-TiO2/FeTCPP (PFNT) by modifying TiO2 nanoparticles with urea as a safe nitrogen source (NT) to create an efficient type I PS, which expands the optical absorption capacity between 400 and 800 nm due to the facilitated localized nitrogen states within the titanium dioxide band gap, as well as by incorporating iron metalloporphyrin FeTCPP (tetra(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin) as an effective type II PS. Upon visible-light irradiation, FeTCPP not only sensitizes singlet oxygen, but also transfers electrons from excited FeTCPP* species to Ti4+-based N-TiO2 to afford FeTCPP•+ ligands and Ti3+ centers, thus propagating the production of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals. By generating the substantial distinct ROS, significant tumor cell killing was obtained under LED irradiation, particularly in addressing melanoma. This research underscores substantial promise of the designed N‐TiO2/FeTCPP nanocomposites in advancing the field of PDT-based cancer therapy, paving the way for efficient and targeted treatments.

基于 N-TiO2 的 I 和 II 型可见光铁金属卟啉用于高效光动力疗法
纳米粒子,尤其是二氧化钛(TiO2),在光催化降解有毒化合物和利用光诱导的活性氧(ROS)生成开发有效的光动力疗法(PDT)方面都表现出了巨大的潜力。在光动力疗法中,选择合适的光敏剂(PSs)和最佳光源对疗效至关重要。纯二氧化钛存在组织穿透力有限、传统紫外线光源引发的细胞毒性高、电子(e-)/空穴(h+)对因其带隙能较宽而重组速度快、溶解度低且在水中易聚集等缺点。可重复合成和优化 ROS 生成效率也是挑战之一。为应对这些挑战,本研究重点关注构建一种新型的 PDT 纳米平台:通过用尿素作为安全氮源(NT)对二氧化钛纳米颗粒进行改性,设计并合成了生物相容性良好的 N 掺杂-TiO2/FeTCPP(PFNT),从而创建了一种高效的 I 型 PS,由于二氧化钛带隙内的局部氮态的促进作用,这种 PS 在 400 纳米到 800 纳米之间的光吸收能力得到了提高;同时还加入了铁金属卟啉 FeTCPP(四(4-羧基苯基)卟啉),作为一种有效的 II 型 PS。在可见光照射下,FeTCPP 不仅能敏化单线态氧,还能将电子从激发的 FeTCPP* 物种转移到以 Ti4+ 为基质的 N-TiO2 上,生成 FeTCPP-+ 配体和 Ti3+ 中心,从而促进过氧化氢、超氧化物和羟基自由基的产生。通过产生大量不同的 ROS,在 LED 照射下可显著杀死肿瘤细胞,尤其是在治疗黑色素瘤方面。这项研究强调了所设计的 N-TiO2/FeTCPP 纳米复合材料在推进基于光导疗法的癌症治疗领域中的巨大前景,为高效的靶向治疗铺平了道路。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.40
自引率
8.30%
发文量
230
审稿时长
5.6 months
期刊介绍: JICS is an international journal covering general fields of chemistry. JICS welcomes high quality original papers in English dealing with experimental, theoretical and applied research related to all branches of chemistry. These include the fields of analytical, inorganic, organic and physical chemistry as well as the chemical biology area. Review articles discussing specific areas of chemistry of current chemical or biological importance are also published. JICS ensures visibility of your research results to a worldwide audience in science. You are kindly invited to submit your manuscript to the Editor-in-Chief or Regional Editor. All contributions in the form of original papers or short communications will be peer reviewed and published free of charge after acceptance.
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